Chapter 2: The Web

Search/Boolean Operators:

A character, word or symbol that focuses a web search.

Wiki:

A collaborative website where you and your colleagues can modify and publish content on a webpage.

Digital Rights Management:

A collection of technologies used by software publishers and trade groups to fight software piracy and prevent unauthorized copying of digital content; includes authentication, certificates of authenticity, encryption and digital watermarks.

Cookies:

A file created by a website and that stores information on your computer, such as your website preferences.

Internet:

A global collection of millions of computers linked together to share information.

Cache:

A holding area where your browser keeps a copy of each webpage you view. This temporary storage area helps speed up processing time.

Hits:

A list of matched results from an Internet Search.

Website:

A location on the World Wide Web that contains webpages linked together.

Internet Engineering Task Force:

A nonprofit group that sets standards to allow devices, services and and applications to work together across the Internet.

Creative Commons:

A nonprofit organization that makes it easy for content creators to license and share their work by supplying easy-to-understand copyright licenses; the creator chooses the conditions under which the work can be used.

General Search Engine:

A nonspecialized search engine designed to find general results.

Browser:

A program that is designed to display webpages.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure:

A protocol used to make a secure connection to a computer, identified by the "https" prefix in a URL and often used by banks and retail stores.

Usage Rights:

A right that indicates when you can use, share or modify the images you find online.

Specialty Search Engine:

A search engine that lets you search databases, news providers, podcasts and other online information sources that general search engines do not always access.

Specialized Search Tools:

A search tool that concentrates on specific resources.

Encryption:

A security method of "scrambling" information as it is transmitted over a network. Information is scrambled in a such a way that it cannot be read unless the user possesses the "key" to unlock it back to a readable format.

World Wide Web:

A service consisting of websites located on computers around the world, connected through the Internet

Webpage:

A specially formatted document that can contain text, graphics, sound, video and links to other webpages.

3D Secure:

A standard protocol for securing credit card transactions over the Internet.

Breadcrumbs:

A step in the path you follow to display a webpage.

Internet Protocol Address:

A unique number that identifies every computer on the Internet; consists of four sets of numbers from 0 to 255 separated by periods.

Web Portal:

A website that combines pages from many sources and provides access to those pages.

Media Sharing Sites:

A website that enables users to manage social media such as photos, videos or music.

Content Aggregator:

A website that gathers, organizes and then distributes web content.

Fair Use Doctrine:

Allows you to use a sentence or paragraph of text without permission if you include a citation to the original source.

Web Server:

An Internet computer that stores webpages.

Web Apps:

An app stored on an Internet server that can be run entirely in a web browser.

Electronic Storefront:

An e-commerce website selling products or services.

Search tool:

An electronic tool that finds online information based on criteria you specify or selections you make.

Public Domain:

An item, such as a photo that is available and accessible to the public without requiring permission to use, and therefore not subject to copyright.

Online Social Network:

An online community where users can share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music or videos with other registered users via a social networking website.

Web/Subject Directory:

An online guide to subjects or websites, usually arranged in alphabetic order.

Copyright:

An originator's exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish or sell intellectual property.

E-Commerce:

Business transactions that occur over an electronic network such as the Internet.

Navigation Bar:

In a browser, a set of buttons or hyperlinks that allow visitors to move to any page within a website.

Citation Style:

In a formal reference to a published work such as a book, journal magazine or website, the sequence of elements and the punctuation between them.

Citation:

In a research paper, a reference to a source; usually in parentheses at the end of a sentence.

Hyperlinks:

In access, a data type for fields that store links to a webpage, file or email address.

Query:

In access, an object that provides a spreadsheet-like view of data, similar to that in tables; it may provide the user with a subset of fields and/or records from one or more tables. Also, SQL commands that are used to retrieve data.

Web:

In computer concepts, a collection webpages located on computers around the world connected through the Internet.

Digital Certificate:

In computer concepts, a technology used to verify a user's identity by using a digital key and that has been "signed" by a trusted third party. This party verifies the owner and that the key belongs to the owner.

Search Engines:

In computer concepts, software used by search sites to locate relevant web pages by creating a simple query based on your search criteria and storing the collected data in a search database.

Address Bar:

In computer concepts, the part of a browser window that displays the location of the current webpage.

Domain Name:

In computer concepts, the portion of a URL or email address that identifies one or more IP addresses.

Navigate:

In computer concepts, to move from one webpage to another in a browser.

Keywords:

In office, terms added to a file's Document Properties that help locate the file in a search.

Intellectual Property Rights:

Legal rights protecting those who create works such as photos, art writing, inventions and music.

World Wide Web Consortium:

One of the leading organizations that sets guidelines for the web and that work together to write web standards.

Blogs:

Short for web log, an informal website consisting of date- or time-stamped articles or posts, in a diary or journal format.

Spiders/Crawlers:

Software that combs the web to find webpages and add new data about them to the database.

Application:

Software that lets users perform specific tasks.

Transport Layer Security:

Technology used to encrypt data that helps protect consumers and businesses from fraud and identity theft when conducting commerce over the Internet.

Information Literacy:

The ability to find, evaluate, use and communicate online information.

Word Stem:

The base of a word, used in a web search to broaden a search.

Home/Start Page:

The main webpage around which a website is built around every time you open a browser.

Ethics:

The moral principles that govern people's behavior; many schools and other organizations post codes of conduct for computer use, which can help you make ethical decisions while using a computer.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol:

The most common way to transfer information around the web; when the URL for a webpage starts with http://, the web browser uses this protocol for transferring the information.

Top-Level Domain:

The three-letter extension after the period in a domain name, the TLD identifies the type of organization associated with the domain.

Uniform Resource Locator:

The webpage address that identifies the location of the file on the Internet.

Plagiarism:

To copy or use someone else's work and claim it as your own.

Paraphrase:

To restate an idea using different words from the original; paraphrasing someone else's idea still constitutes plagiarism, which is claiming someone else's idea as your own