Chapter 2

fMRI is always more preferable than EEG when recording brain activity because it has better spatial resolution. True or false?

False

From Phineas Gage, researchers learned that the _____ lobe of the brain is important for reasoning abilities and control of emotion

Frontal

In the case of Phineas Gage, which part of the brain is injured?

Frontal lobe

In order to learn how to perform stereotaxic surgery on a laboratory animal, Jennifer watched her mentor perform a surgery first. What was likely active at the time of her observations, as well as when she performed the surgery herself?

Mirror neurons

What is required in a neuron's ability to communicate with other neurons?

Nucleus, dendrites, axon

______ is the ability to correctly recognize objects, and is associated with damage to the ______.

Object agnosia; inferior temporal cortex

In which lobe of the brain is visual information primarily processed?

Occipital

If we wanted to localize brain differences between native and novice English speakers, what part of the brain might we look at first?

Temporal lobe

Neuroscientists have learned a great deal about which brain areas contribute to different cognitive abilities through _____.

case studies

An action potential is sent through the _____ of the neuron

Axon

Which brain recording technique(s) measure(s) a change in blood flow to different areas of the brain?

Both PET scans and fMRI

Although Jenelle is capable of fluid thought processes, she has trouble producing fluid speech. She likely has _____.

Broca's aphasia

What is the correct order of the parts of a neuron?

Dendrites, cell body, axon, synapse

During an action potential, there is an exchange of positive and negative ions between the extracellular and intracellular fluid. True or false?

False

Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a temporal image of the brain, while functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging captures only spatial images of the brain.

False

Phinneas Gage had damage to his temporal lobe. True or false?

False

Positron Emission Tomography is a safe and noninvasive way to image the brain. True or False?

False

Dr. Brown is interested in measuring the differences in brain activity between two subsets of patients. Which method would be the most appropriate and safest one for him to use to achieve this?

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

In order for an action potential to be transmitted to the next neuron, it must first be _____ at the axon hillock.

Generated

Jolie suffered brain damage that caused deficits to her short-term memory, but her long-term memory was left intact. Which brain area is likely damaged that would account for this short-term memory deficit?

Hippocampus

The four lobes of the brain all have different functions. This exhibits what principle?

Lateralization

Dr. Johnson suspects that a patient he has recently seen may have a brain tumor. Which technique would be the best option for him to use in terms of confirming this suspicion?

Magnetic resonance imaging

_______ is a technique that is often used in sleep studies, and measures the activity of large groups of neurons

Magnetoencephalography

John has sustained damage to an area of the brain known as Wernicke's area. What task is he likely to have difficulty with?

Speech comprehension

The space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released and received is called the _____.

Synapse

It is suggested that the brain activity seen approximately half a second before initiating a behavior is indicative of ______.

The brain's readiness to carry out the behavior

What is important for intentionally receiving memories?

The hippocampus

A group of clinical researchers have spent 10 years observing Tony, a man who sustained damage to his inferior temporal cortex. While they have documented a great deal of information on Tony, there are several issues they may encounter with their findings. Which is NOT one of the potential problems?

They can generalize their findings to other people with damage to the same areas

An EEG recordings can keep track of the electrical activity of a part of the brain to see whether it's involved in a particular event. True or false?

True

Patient H. M. lost the ability to form new memories, but his long-term memory remained intact. True or false?

True

Patients that have suffered brain damage have mistaken furniture for people. True or false?

True

In _____, patients have difficulties understanding speech

Wernicke's aphasia

The _____ is important for _____.

frontal lobe, emotional regulation and decision making