Chapter 2

The concept of democracy was initially defined centuries ago in ancient...

Greece

What rules govern the use of referenda at the federal level?

No provisions exist for the use of referenda at the federal level.

__________ theory implies that a group should determine what the majority of its participants want to do.

Procedural

The basic standard of substantive democracy is that government must guarantee...

civil rights and liberties

A politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices is a(n)...

demagogue.

The online communication channels that allow citizens to register opinions and complaints to government officials is called...

e-government

Suppose that top government jobs for both political parties are filled only from an inner circle of top corporate leaders. This would be evidence for...

elite theory

The principle of responsiveness requires that legislators...

follow the general contours of public opinion

The procedural view of democracy is most concerned with...

how government decisions are made

When citizens circulate petitions to gather a certain minimum number of signatures to put a policy question on the ballot, it is called a(n)...

initiative

Any organization of individuals formed on the basis of common interest to influence public policy is called a(n)...

interest group

One of the weaknesses of the procedural model of democracy is that...

it permits policies that violate standards of substantive democracy

Studies on decision making concerning public policy issues suggest that much of the elite's power comes from the ability of elites to...

keep issues off the political agenda

A popular election is the primary mechanism for democratic government in which model?

majoritarian model

Cohesive political parties with well-defined programs contribute to the...

majoritarian model of democracy

Established procedures and organizations that translate public opinion into government policy, like elections, are known as institutional...

mechanisms

form of government that puts power in the hands of an elite is a(n)...

oligarchy

An autocracy is a political system ruled by...

one individual

While majority rule is defined as decision making by 50 percent plus one person, __________ is defined as decision making by most participants.

plurality rule

A country abiding by the principle "one person, one vote" is practicing...

political equality

__________ addresses the questions "Who should participate in decision making? and How many votes are needed to reach a decision?"

procedural democratic theory

Democratization is the...

process of transition as a country attempts to move from an authoritarian form of government to a democratic one

Participatory democracy today is...

rare in the United States and in other democracies

An election on a public policy issue is called a(n)...

referenda

Most democracies give power to...

representatives

Freedom of religion or freedom of speech are __________ principles.

substantive

The anti-gay marriage laws and amendments passed in many states in recent years were overturned in by the Supreme Court in 2015. In other words...

substantive democratic theory outweighed procedural democratic theory

The Bill of Rights is at the core of our...

substantive theories of democracy

Compared with majoritarian thought, the pluralist model of democracy shifts the focus of democratic decision making from __________ to _________.

the mass electorate; organized groups

The ancient Greeks classified governments as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on...

the number of citizens involved in the governing

The concept that everyone in a democracy should participate in governmental decision making is...

universal participation

The idea that all adults within the boundaries of a political community should be allowed to vote is known as...

universal participation

According to procedural theory, the government should do...

whatever the majority wants