Chapter 20, 21, 22 Test Review

severe droughts lasted from ____ to ____

1960s to 1980s

the permenant interstate comitter of drought control in the sahel was established in _____ and made up of ____ countries

1973 and 9

Transition Zone has _____ hot seasons and a rainy season

2

lake chad has shrunk by____

90%

Lake ____ was once the second largest african wetland but is shrinking

Chad

Oil, natural gas, coal, gold, and uranium deposits and also

DIAMONDS

east african cuntries are lowly ranked according to the

HDI

second largest lake in world is

Lake victoria

Which river is know as the Great River?

Niger River

how has rwanda attempted battling deforestation?

Rwanda has put effort into reforestation, planting fast-growing eucalyptus trees in previously deforested areas to help combat erosion.

A decades long conflict between south and north ______ killed 300,000 people.

Sudan

Most countries kept the colonial borders T of F

T

lake _____ is one of the deepest and longest freshwater lakes

Tanganyika

what important cities are there?

Timbuktu, noaukchott, khartoum, port sudan

the _____ is working on the use and availability of water

UN

Lake ___ in Ghana is the largest man made lake

Volta

conservation farming

a land-management technique that helps protect farmland

Despite development, the majority of jobs in East Africa are in ______, much of the produce of which is exported.

agriculture

the breakdown of traditional systems of _____ is causing large scale environmental deterioration

agriculture

before european colonization there were (3 groups)

arabian, asian, and mediterranean

The topography is mainly flat with a series of plateaus, and runs in a band from the ______ ocean to the ______ ocean from west to east.

atlantic to indian

the ___ nile and ____ nile are Nile tributaries

blue and white

Trade between _______ and East Africa has increased greatly in recent years.

china

people of east africa are mostly ___ and ___ but some follow the tradtional ___

christian, muslim, animist

because of ____ some years are too wet and some too dry

climate change

where is population densest

coast and river plains

the lagoons and swamps are an important part of the _____

coastal ecosytem

what two political situations cause problems?

conflict, and corruption

better ____ varieties and water ____ technologies are ways to improve water management

crop and conservation

land ranges from ____ to ____

desert to tropical

water shortages in dry regions often leads to ____

desertifications

many tropical forests have ______

dissapeared due to human need

What is Mansa Musa known for?

doubling Mali kingdom's size (pilgrimage to Mecca in which he threw out gold and silver to the point where it lowered their value in those places)

What cause desertification in east africa?

drought and poor farming techniques

bad fishing practices does what?

dwindles fish stocks

why were the improvements lost in eritrea?

ethiopia and eritrea went to war

one ____ group forms the majority of country populations

ethnic

how are trees being used?

export, heating, light, cooking

traditional family style

extended fam in which the women take care of the kids and the men go out to earn a living

Most people in the Transition Zone live in

extended families headed by a male family member.

unsustainable______practices include dynamite, chemicals, and bottom trawling

fishing

a main reason for people to settle is the availability of

freshwater

what different empires held power in west africa

ghana, husa, mali, songhai, moroccons, benin

the _______ project is bsed on the idea that trees will help stop the southward spread of the ____

great green wall, sahara

the ____is working to improve water cleanliness

gwi

the north eastern area of the subregion known as, ____ is desert

horn of africa

_____ in the transition zone have made desertification worse

human activities

one of the causes of desertification is _____ rainfall

inadequate rainfall

what are the main causes of pollution to the water?

increased urbanization and industrialization

the _____ forms the eastern border of tanzania and kenya

indian ocean

East Africa borders on the ________ and the ______, an important location for trade.

indian ocean, red sea

after independence, conflict between the ____ resulted in ____

indigenious people, dislocations

Low plains, sandy soil, and grasslands cover much of ____West Africa.

inland

The population of the transition zone...

is expected to double between 2020 and 2050

Why do residents of the Sahel welcome the harmattan?

it is a hot, dry wind that rids the air of humidity

____ and ___ are mountains on the east of the great rift valley

kilimanjaro, and kenya

Made by damming in the Volta River, __________ is a reliable and steady source of fresh water and electricity.

lake volta

How did Eritrea recover?

land was terraced, trees were replanted, dams were bulit

what happened in 1999?

leaders from six central African countries signed an agreement to preserve the forests.

____ is increasing overall but less than 40% of africans enroll in secondary school

literacy

What is the topography of the Sahel?

mainly flat with a series of plateaus

the ______ provide fish

mangrove swamps

describe cultural transitions?

muslim north, christian south

The _____ river is the major water way in western africa

niger

the guinea mountain range includes

nimba, loma , and tingi

What happened in the Darfur region of Sudan?

non arab sudanese accused the government of favoring arab and caused civil war

natural resources?

oal, gold, uranium, and natural gas are some of the natural resources found in West Africa.

what economic activities?

oil extraction and subsistence farming

the NGO _____ international has built _____ which

oxfam, embankments, increase food production

farmers in burkina faso experimented with traditional ____ to reclaim severely dry land

planting pits

East Africa is made up of ______ and _____.

plateaus and cliffs

One of the legacies of the Transition Zone's colonial past is...

poorly drawn colonial borders

the _____ of the sahel has greatly increased

population

the rate of ____ growth in west africa is one of highest in the world

population

formerly many _____ but cut down overtime

rain forests

yearly ____ in the sahel has decreased and become erratic

rainfall

What challenge makes it especially difficult to combat desertification in the Transition Zone?

rapidly growing population

what is a common theme of west african art

religious beliefs

Difficulty in meeting people's needs has led to the mismanagement of _________.

resources

the ____ is a steppe transition zone between tropical and arid

sahel

_____ vegetation is predominant

savanna

this project will stretch from ____ to _____

senegal to djibouti

different types of farming

subsistence and commercial

most people in the transition zone make their living by

subsistence farming and semi-nomadic herding

all of the west african countries have part of their territory in _____ except ____

the transition zone, cape verde

how were countries economies dependent on europe?

they relied on providing raw materials to europe

what are the two purposes of african art?

to display religious beliefs and story telling

___ mainly revolving around Kenyas game reserves is important to the economy

tourism

In Africa's ________ the physical characteristics change from arid to tropical

transition zone

the lake is a means of

transport

where is the impenetrible bwindi forest and what is its importance?

uganda, home to endangered gorillas

____ is most important in this region

volta river

there is an ongoing crisis over clean ____ and ___

water, sanitation