Chapter 20, 21, 22 Test Review
severe droughts lasted from ____ to ____
1960s to 1980s
the permenant interstate comitter of drought control in the sahel was established in _____ and made up of ____ countries
1973 and 9
Transition Zone has _____ hot seasons and a rainy season
2
lake chad has shrunk by____
90%
Lake ____ was once the second largest african wetland but is shrinking
Chad
Oil, natural gas, coal, gold, and uranium deposits and also
DIAMONDS
east african cuntries are lowly ranked according to the
HDI
second largest lake in world is
Lake victoria
Which river is know as the Great River?
Niger River
how has rwanda attempted battling deforestation?
Rwanda has put effort into reforestation, planting fast-growing eucalyptus trees in previously deforested areas to help combat erosion.
A decades long conflict between south and north ______ killed 300,000 people.
Sudan
Most countries kept the colonial borders T of F
T
lake _____ is one of the deepest and longest freshwater lakes
Tanganyika
what important cities are there?
Timbuktu, noaukchott, khartoum, port sudan
the _____ is working on the use and availability of water
UN
Lake ___ in Ghana is the largest man made lake
Volta
conservation farming
a land-management technique that helps protect farmland
Despite development, the majority of jobs in East Africa are in ______, much of the produce of which is exported.
agriculture
the breakdown of traditional systems of _____ is causing large scale environmental deterioration
agriculture
before european colonization there were (3 groups)
arabian, asian, and mediterranean
The topography is mainly flat with a series of plateaus, and runs in a band from the ______ ocean to the ______ ocean from west to east.
atlantic to indian
the ___ nile and ____ nile are Nile tributaries
blue and white
Trade between _______ and East Africa has increased greatly in recent years.
china
people of east africa are mostly ___ and ___ but some follow the tradtional ___
christian, muslim, animist
because of ____ some years are too wet and some too dry
climate change
where is population densest
coast and river plains
the lagoons and swamps are an important part of the _____
coastal ecosytem
what two political situations cause problems?
conflict, and corruption
better ____ varieties and water ____ technologies are ways to improve water management
crop and conservation
land ranges from ____ to ____
desert to tropical
water shortages in dry regions often leads to ____
desertifications
many tropical forests have ______
dissapeared due to human need
What is Mansa Musa known for?
doubling Mali kingdom's size (pilgrimage to Mecca in which he threw out gold and silver to the point where it lowered their value in those places)
What cause desertification in east africa?
drought and poor farming techniques
bad fishing practices does what?
dwindles fish stocks
why were the improvements lost in eritrea?
ethiopia and eritrea went to war
one ____ group forms the majority of country populations
ethnic
how are trees being used?
export, heating, light, cooking
traditional family style
extended fam in which the women take care of the kids and the men go out to earn a living
Most people in the Transition Zone live in
extended families headed by a male family member.
unsustainable______practices include dynamite, chemicals, and bottom trawling
fishing
a main reason for people to settle is the availability of
freshwater
what different empires held power in west africa
ghana, husa, mali, songhai, moroccons, benin
the _______ project is bsed on the idea that trees will help stop the southward spread of the ____
great green wall, sahara
the ____is working to improve water cleanliness
gwi
the north eastern area of the subregion known as, ____ is desert
horn of africa
_____ in the transition zone have made desertification worse
human activities
one of the causes of desertification is _____ rainfall
inadequate rainfall
what are the main causes of pollution to the water?
increased urbanization and industrialization
the _____ forms the eastern border of tanzania and kenya
indian ocean
East Africa borders on the ________ and the ______, an important location for trade.
indian ocean, red sea
after independence, conflict between the ____ resulted in ____
indigenious people, dislocations
Low plains, sandy soil, and grasslands cover much of ____West Africa.
inland
The population of the transition zone...
is expected to double between 2020 and 2050
Why do residents of the Sahel welcome the harmattan?
it is a hot, dry wind that rids the air of humidity
____ and ___ are mountains on the east of the great rift valley
kilimanjaro, and kenya
Made by damming in the Volta River, __________ is a reliable and steady source of fresh water and electricity.
lake volta
How did Eritrea recover?
land was terraced, trees were replanted, dams were bulit
what happened in 1999?
leaders from six central African countries signed an agreement to preserve the forests.
____ is increasing overall but less than 40% of africans enroll in secondary school
literacy
What is the topography of the Sahel?
mainly flat with a series of plateaus
the ______ provide fish
mangrove swamps
describe cultural transitions?
muslim north, christian south
The _____ river is the major water way in western africa
niger
the guinea mountain range includes
nimba, loma , and tingi
What happened in the Darfur region of Sudan?
non arab sudanese accused the government of favoring arab and caused civil war
natural resources?
oal, gold, uranium, and natural gas are some of the natural resources found in West Africa.
what economic activities?
oil extraction and subsistence farming
the NGO _____ international has built _____ which
oxfam, embankments, increase food production
farmers in burkina faso experimented with traditional ____ to reclaim severely dry land
planting pits
East Africa is made up of ______ and _____.
plateaus and cliffs
One of the legacies of the Transition Zone's colonial past is...
poorly drawn colonial borders
the _____ of the sahel has greatly increased
population
the rate of ____ growth in west africa is one of highest in the world
population
formerly many _____ but cut down overtime
rain forests
yearly ____ in the sahel has decreased and become erratic
rainfall
What challenge makes it especially difficult to combat desertification in the Transition Zone?
rapidly growing population
what is a common theme of west african art
religious beliefs
Difficulty in meeting people's needs has led to the mismanagement of _________.
resources
the ____ is a steppe transition zone between tropical and arid
sahel
_____ vegetation is predominant
savanna
this project will stretch from ____ to _____
senegal to djibouti
different types of farming
subsistence and commercial
most people in the transition zone make their living by
subsistence farming and semi-nomadic herding
all of the west african countries have part of their territory in _____ except ____
the transition zone, cape verde
how were countries economies dependent on europe?
they relied on providing raw materials to europe
what are the two purposes of african art?
to display religious beliefs and story telling
___ mainly revolving around Kenyas game reserves is important to the economy
tourism
In Africa's ________ the physical characteristics change from arid to tropical
transition zone
the lake is a means of
transport
where is the impenetrible bwindi forest and what is its importance?
uganda, home to endangered gorillas
____ is most important in this region
volta river
there is an ongoing crisis over clean ____ and ___
water, sanitation
