chapter 20 HIST1302

Victorial beliefs held that women should be seen as "____ ____ " witch chaste sexual mores, in complete opposition to victorian men, who possed uncontrollable lust.

" pure vessels "

The motto of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union was "____ _____"

"Do Everything"

The _______ Law represented a Victorian effort to control what was considered to be a permissive sexual attitude that resulted in unwanted pregnancies, prostitution, and abortions

Comstock

In the 1800s black baseball players in new york created a team called the _________ Giants, which reidentifies their racial separates as a cultural difference rather than a vision based on black and white

Cuban Giants

With the increased need for managerial, technical, and other skills in American urban society, many colleges and universities were set up as the result of the ______ Act passed in 1862

Morrill

paper son

a China-born child who was claimed by Chinese immigrants and thought the forging of birth certificates

Political bosses such as Gorge Washington Plunkitt regarded democracy primarily as

a business from which to extract profit

which best identifies the motivation behind most settlement workers' decisions to leave comfortable homes and jobs to work among poor and needy immigrants in the city?

a desire to improve the lives of their fellow human being

social gospel

a late 1800s religious ideal that focused on improving the conditions to save individuals

temperance societies were initially created for the purpose of outlawing which vice?

alcohol consumption

The ability of some children of immigrants to speak English like natives, marry with greater freedom, and leave their ethnic neighborhoods allowed them to undergo the process of______ more smoothly than their parents.

assimilation

tenements

building often in dispair and usually five or six stories in height, in which cheap apartments were rented to tenants.

The majority of the new immigrants to the united states at the turn of the twentieth century were

catholic, orthodox, or jewish

by offering their working-class customers a variety of goods at a cost they could afford, ____ spread the culture of consumption without frills in the late 1800s

chain stores

how did the sudden termination of legal Chinese immigration to the united stated affect Chinese populations already in the country?

chinese communities were left with an imbalanced population that had too many men and too few women.

As cities grew, and multiplies throughout the united states, what su=ituation prevented heavy competition between growing cities within thre same region?

cities began to specialize to what they produced.

The moment supporting public education in the U.S. began during the Jackson era but did not gain much support after the _____ _____.

civil war

many women's colleges in the late 1800s included courses in "________ ________", such as cooking and sewing to help jsutify a woman's college education

domestic science

in order to improve housing conditions, architect James E Ware created a tenement model known as the _________ tenemant, which provided a central air shaft between building.

dumbell

immigrant families sometimes made decisions that drew on their class and ethnic backgrounds in a way that took the families collective interest into account, rather than just that of the individual. Such decisions were part of the family _______.

economies

Frank Julian Sprague installed the first _____ _____ line in Richmond, Virginia in 1888, leading to a breakthrough in urban transit.

electric trolley

between 1870 and 1900 the illiteracy rate in the United States

fell by half

Before the modern _______ _______ came into use after the turn of the century, water closets and communal privies were used, sometimes serving up to 800 people

flush toilet

in the new urban society, a woman was judged by the state of her _______.

home

an important way immigrants strengthened ethnic communities was through publishing newspapers in their own _______

language

by 1880 some 7,500 Chinese men in San Fransisco worked in _______, which were typocally shunned by men from other ethnic groups.

laundries

Used by middle and upper-class families to manage house chores and maintain a well- ordered household?

live-in servants

in order to extend a nationwide search, including rural costumers, city department stores such as Sears, Roebuck developed

mail-order catalogs

between 1870 and 1900, as the demand for training beyond a college degree grew, the number of ________ schools and ______ schools more than doubled nationtionwide.

medical and law

How did the housing opportunities presented by tenement buildings in cities allow people greater opportunity to develop their sense of personal identity?

men and women could find private apartments in the city away from their families so that they could be themselves.

vaudeville

middle-class housewives

settlement house

neighborhood center in which social reformers lived and worked among the poor, often in slum neighborhoods

"new immigrants"

newcomers from eastern and southern Europe who were largely non-protestant (Catholics, Jews, and Russian Orthodox Christians) in contrast to earlier arrivals from northern and western Europe

in the late nineteenth century, the growing middle class in cities accounted for one-third of the country's population and owned about ____ of its wealth, demonstrating the powerful role of the middle class in changing America's overall economic development.

one half

by 1900 just over _____ of urban middle-class residents were homeowners

one-third

with help of technological and industrial advancements, garments that typically required hours to create by hand at home became available for purchase "_______ -made"

ready

temperance movement

reform movement, begun in the 1820s, to temper or restrain the sale of use of alcohol

one organization that evangelists helped established in the united states to help the urban poor was the ______ army

salvation

normal schools

schools that trained teachers, usually for two years and mostly for teaching in the elementary grades.

the doctrine of "_____ _____ ____" upheld by the supreme court in Plessy v Ferguson in 1896 reinforced legal segregation, forcing many black students to attend poorly funded and ill-equipped schools

separate but equal

As Architects developed ways to make better use of increasingly scare but highly valuable;e urban real estate, they eventually turned to stell, which proved capable of supporting tall structures, commonly known as _____.

skyscrapers

why did corsets come into fashion, mirroring class-based victorian ideals?

something middle class and high class lol

The "new" immigration of the 1880s refers to immigration originating from which regions of Europe

southern and eastern

what was an important 1880s-era educational reform that improved conditions for working families?

the development of kindergartens, which allowed parents to work while four-six yr olds went to school

political machine

the hierarchical political organization developed in the nineteenth century that controlled the activities of a political party and was usually headed by a political boss.

symphonies

the wealthy

Department stores educated society about the uses of many new products, just as they established norms about what goods "prosper" families should possess. What term best illustrates this function of department stores?

they "socialized" people to the need for products

saloons

workingmen

dance halls

young workingmen

Which of the following statements about the bicycling craze of the late nineteenth century are correct?

- bikes were expensive, $100 - the craze was fueled by the availability of the new "safety" bikes with equal sized wheels - bike riding freed women from having to wear corsets

Which of the following national political developments did result from fears and apprehensions about increasing immigrant populations in urban centers?

- nativism - the Chinese exclusion act - the immigration restriction league

What were some typical ways in which political bosses won the vote of citizens at the ballot box?

- sponsoring sports teams - providong a load of coal in the winter - finding work for the unemployed

Which of the following are primary ways in which political bosses changed the cities?

- they initiated large contruction projects - they helped unite city government - they choose city leaders

Although families often relied on political bosses for jobs and food, the same bosses harmed citizens by allowing or promoting which of the following?

- unsanitary living conditions and unsafe work environments - inflated taxes, extortion, and bribery -rampant crime and vice

which if the following statements regarding circuses and their association with urban identity is correct?

-used modern means of transportation, including rails and steamships - shows drew people of every class and ethnicity -involved hundreds of workers operating together with machine-like ethnicity

approximately what percentage of u.s women surveyed around the turn of the twentieith century said they enjoyed sex?

75%

at the end of the civil war, the population of the united states stood at 31 million. By 1910 the population increased to ______ million

92

New York's political machine was known as ______ Hall.

Tammany

the Australian or secret ballot was developed to prevent political bosses from undermining the electoral process, but political machines developed the __________ _________ technique of premarking ballots for voters

Tasmanian dodge

Following the Civil War, American cities quickly grew in size largely for what reason?

The provided a wealth of opportunities to engage in activities such as education, the arts, and entertainment.