Chapter 21: Collective Behavior and Social Movements

The prophecy of the Melanesian Islanders' __________ was fulfilled. a. transnational social movement b. reformative social movement c. cargo cult d. metaformative social movement

c. cargo cult

Transnational social movements focus on some condition that is occurring __________. a. locally b. regionally c. nationally d. globally

d. globally

What kinds of participants in a crowd did Turner and Killian (1987) identify?

(1) The ego-involved—they feel a personal stake in the unusual event. (2) The concerned—they also have a personal interest in the event, but less than the ego-involved. (3) The insecure—they care little about the matter, but join the crowd because it gives them a sense of power, security, or belonging. (4) The curious spectators—they care little about the matter, but are simply curious about what is going on. (5) The exploiters—they do not care about the event at all, but use it for their own purposes, such as selling hotdogs.

Turner and Killian (1987) speak of emergent norms as __________. a. a way to explain the unusual actions of crowds b. the minimax strategy c. an alternative to crowd behavior d. the antidote to negative crowd behavior

a. a way to explain the unusual actions of crowds

Herb's girlfriend Cindy and his best friend Nate are both heavily involved in the veterans' rights movement, so he joins too. This exemplifies the way most members apparently join social movements: __________. a. because they have friends and acquaintances in the movement b. out of love of country c. to gain special access d. to protect their privilege

a. because they have friends and acquaintances in the movement

A(n) __________ is the interactive communication among crowd members that generates a collective impulse. a. circular reaction b. acting crowd c. milling d. collective mind

a. circular reaction

In __________, an imagined threat causes physical symptoms among a large number of people. a. mass hysteria b. a riot c. urban legends d. role extension

a. mass hysteria

A prediction of something dreadful about to happen is involved in a(n) __________. a. millenarian social movement b. alternative social movement c. proactive social movement d. social movement organization

a. millenarian social movement

A __________ social movement works against some social change in the process of occurring. a. reactive b. reformative c. proactive d. transformative

a. reactive

A(n) __________ is violent crowd behavior directed at people and property. a. riot b. panic c. rumor d. urban legend

a. riot

When a role expands and encompasses activities beyond those originally part of the role, this is called __________. a. role extension b. mass hysteria c. a moral panic d. a fad

a. role extension

Derrick, Thomasina, Jill, and Stan, a group of friends in college, are very upset to learn about threats to the rainforests and have joined together with many others both on and off their campus to fight for rainforest survival; they and the others with whom they have joined would be considered part of a __________. a. social movement b. gatekeeper group c. public opinion poll d. cargo cult

a. social movement

__________ refers to actions by a group of people who bypass the usual norms governing their behavior and do something unusual. a. The individual mind b. Collective behavior c. An acting crowd d. Milling

b. Collective behavior

What are Blumer's five stages of an acting crowd?

In 1939, Blumer identified five stages of an acting crowd, an excited group that moves toward a goal. His model is still used today in police manuals on crowd behavior. The stages are (1) a background of tension or unrest, (2) an exciting event, (3) milling behavior, (4) a common object of attention, and (5) common impulses.

Sociologists have identified five stages in social movements. What are they?

In order from the beginning, the five stages are (1) initial unrest and agitation, (2) resource mobilization, (3) organization, (4) institutionalization, and (5) decline and death.

What are some of the tricks of the trade of propaganda-making?

Some of the tricks of the trade of propaganda-making are (1) name calling—associating the competing product, candidate, or policy with negative images; (2) glittering generality—surrounding the product, candidate, or policy with images that arouse positive feelings; (3) transfer—associating the product, candidate, or policy with something the public does, or does not, approve of; (4) testimonials—famous people endorsing the product, candidate, or policy; (5) plain folks—associating the product, candidate, or policy with regular people; (6) card stacking—presenting only positive information about what is supported and only negative information about what is opposed; and (7) bandwagon—"Everyone is doing it" techniques.

Who participates in riots?

Those who participate in riots come from all walks of life. Some are deprived, some are from stable working-class neighborhoods, some are people with good jobs and middle-class lifestyles, and some are opportunists.

__________ refers to a crowd standing or walking around as they talk excitedly about some event. a. Milling b. Collective dance c. Circular reaction d. An acting crown

a. Milling

Partial, rather than total, change is sought by which social movement? a. Reformative b. Redemptive c. Transformative d. Metaformative

a. Reformative

A(n) __________ is an excited group of people who move toward a goal. a. circular reaction b. acting crowd c. passive crowd d. collective mind

b. acting crowd

A(n) __________ social movement seeks to change something specific in a person. a. redemptive b. alterative c. transformative d. metaformative

b. alterative

The __________ set a crowd on a course of action. a. exploiters b. ego-involved c. insecure d. curious spectators

b. ego-involved

According to the author, sociology __________ us because of the way it shines a light on multiple realities. a. bores b. frees c. comforts d. commits

b. frees

ISIS is an example of a(n) __________ social movement, which seeks global change. a. cargo cult b. metaformative c. alternative d. reactive

b. metaformative

In 1938, a radio dramatization of H. G. Wells's novel The War of the Worlds apparently set off a(n) __________. a. rumor b. panic c. urban legend d. riot

b. panic

The abortion movement does not end because __________. a. the pro-choice side has to be stopped b. pro-choice and pro-life activists actually serve to motivate each other c. no movement ever ends d. the pro-life side has to be stopped

b. pro-choice and pro-life activists actually serve to motivate each other

A __________ wants to make some social change occur. a. cargo cult b. proactive social movement c. social movement of any type d. reactive social movement

b. proactive social movement

De Tocqueville noted that both French and German peasants had lived in poverty, but only the French peasants overthrew their king in a revolution. The reason, de Tocqueville said, was that the quality of life had been improving for the French, but not for the Germans. an improving situation can cause people to want even better conditions, according to __________. a. declining privilege theory b. relative deprivation theory c. common sense d. ideological commitment theory

b. relative deprivation theory

The NAACP is an example of a __________. a. millenarian social movement b. social movement organization c. reactive social movement d. gatekeeper

b. social movement organization

An agent provocateur is someone who __________. a. provides the catalyst for a revolution b. spies on a group or tries to sabotage it c. persuades a group to be reasonable d. helps to keep group members from being arrested

b. spies on a group or tries to sabotage it

Just beyond the less committed members of the social movement are members of the __________ public. a. hostile b. sympathetic c. unaware d. disinterested

b. sympathetic

The view that sociologists today take of crowd behavior is that it __________. a. is insane b. takes thought c. has usually been found to be computer-controlled d. is essentially a riot waiting to happen

b. takes thought

The gatekeepers to social movements are __________. a. the public b. the mass media c. government officials d. social movement organizations

b. the mass media

A(n) __________ is a story with an ironic twist that sounds realistic but is false. a. fad b. urban legend c. role extension d. panic

b. urban legend

Philip used to enjoy having a bit of authority and being treated with respect in town because of his position as a foreman at the local plant. Then he got laid off when the plant closed. His prestige deteriorated, and eventually he joined the local chapter of a national group opposed to the North American Free Trade Agreement because he felt this agreement had a negative impact on jobs in the United States. Philip's progression seems to fit into what is explained by __________. a. relative deprivation theory b. ideological commitment theory c. declining privilege theory d. the Tea Party

c. declining privilege theory

A new type of activity that gets attention for a short period of time is a(n) __________. a. fashion b. rumor c. fad d. urban legend

c. fad

The distinction between a fad and a fashion is that __________. a. fashion involves foods whereas fads involve clothes b. they are different terms for the same thing c. fashions are lengthier d. fads are lengthier

c. fashions are lengthier

The level of membership of a social movement that is most dedicated to the cause is the __________. a. less committed b. committed c. inner core d. sympathetic public

c. inner core

Project Minerva, which uses university professors, is an example of the __________. a. agent provocateur concept b. addition of a new branch to the military c. militarization of social institutions d. protection of individual liberties

c. militarization of social institutions

A __________ is occurring when many people are extremely afraid that some terrible evil is befalling society and are using hostile—sometimes even violent—behavior against those considered responsible. a. a fad b. role extension c. moral panic d. an urban legend

c. moral panic

In what stage of a social movement is a division of labor established? a. institutionalization b. initial unrest and agitation c. organization d. decline and death

c. organization

Fred, in promoting his candidate for office, distributed handbills that included a quote from the opponent taken out of context to make the opponent sound illiterate. This is an example of __________ as used in its narrow sense. a. public opinion b. gatekeeper c. propaganda d. social movement

c. propaganda

How an issue is judged by people in the society at large is called __________. a. propaganda b. irrelevant when it comes to action c. public opinion d. one-sided

c. public opinion

A social movement that seeks to change people completely—to redeem them—is a __________ social movement. a. reformative b. transnational c. redemptive d. alternative

c. redemptive

Cheryl strongly believes in animal rights and has joined an organization that wants to reform the ways in which society views and treats animals. The type of social movement Cheryl is part of is a __________. a. millenarian social movement b. cargo cult c. reformative social movement d. redemptive social movement

c. reformative social movement

The reason rumors can flourish so easily is that __________. a. they are true b. role extension is involved c. some information is not clear and is thus ripe for clarification—even if the "clarification" is inaccurate d. the facts demand the ambiguity of the moment, and filtering provides the crucible for the rumor to spread

c. some information is not clear and is thus ripe for clarification—even if the "clarification" is inaccurate

Metaformative social movements eye making __________ change. a. the individual b. society c. worldwide d. unspecified

c. worldwide

__________ is the condition of being so fearful that one cannot function normally and may even flee. a. Rumor b. Fashion c. A fad d. Panic

d. Panic

LeBon used the term __________ for the tendency of people in a crowd to feel, think, and act in extraordinary ways. a. mass hallucination b. circular reaction c. milling d. collective mind

d. collective mind

When people think in moral terms, choose sides, and join a social movement to fight for what they see as right, this is because of __________. a. declining privilege theory b. escalating privilege theory c. relative deprivation theory d. ideological commitment

d. ideological commitment

The public consists of the various and widely dispersed people outside of a group's membership who __________ have an interest in the issue. a. always b. never c. usually d. may or may not

d. may or may not

Collective behavior, sociologically speaking, refers to what __________ people do in the face of __________ circumstances. a. extraordinary; ordinary b. extraordinary; extraordinary c. ordinary; ordinary d. ordinary; extraordinary

d. ordinary; extraordinary

When people want to help a social movement succeed, they use everything at their disposal, such as funding, fund-raising ability, volunteer hours, social media, mailing lists, emotional appeal, people's existing connections and skill sets, access to legislators and news outlets, technical savvy, equipment, and so forth; this constitutes __________. a. initial unrest b. institutionalization c. organization d. resource mobilization

d. resource mobilization

The efforts people make to minimize their costs and maximize their rewards is referred to as __________. a. emergent norms b. exploiting c. the winner-take-all strategy d. the minimax strategy

d. the minimax strategy

Moral panics thrive on __________. a. certainty, confidence, and calm b. certainty, fear, and anxiety c. uncertainty, fortitude, and calm d. uncertainty, fear, and anxiety

d. uncertainty, fear, and anxiety