Chapter 21

Check all that are functions of the blood in the body.

-Transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells--- -Transports carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs--- -Produces hormones to be transported to the endocrine glands -Regulates body temperature--- -Helps maintain normal body pH levels--- -Helps guard against infection---

Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytes d: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes

-a, b, e, f -b, d, e ----a, b, e -a, b, c -c, d

Check all that are components of the formed elements.

-erythrocytes--- -leukocytes--- -platelets--- -plasma

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to

-increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood. -increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. ----increase the viscosity of the blood. -decrease the blood pressure in the arteries. -decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

The leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is the

-lymphocyte. -monocyte. -----neutrophil. -basophil. -eosinophil.

An individual's hematocrit is dependent on his or her

-sex. ----All of the choices are correct -age. -altitude.

Plasma is composed of about ___________ percent water.

6 30 54 92---

When blood glucose levels are elevated, what will be stimulated

A. Alpha cells B. Beta cells---- C. Delta cells D. Chromaffin cells

What leukocyte would be elevated if you had a bacterial infection?

A. Basophil B. Eosinophils C. Neutrophils---- D. Lymphocytes

Match the plasma protein with its description.

Albumin-1-Major role in blood osmolarity Globulins-3- Antibodies and transport proteins Fibrinogen-2-important for blood clotting Regulatory proteins-4-Includes enzymes & hormones

Match the leukocyte with its function.

Neutrophils-5- Most numerous leukocyte Eosinophils-1-React to parasitic infections Basophils-4-Release histamine and heparin Lymphocytes-3- Include natural killer (NK) cells Monocytes-2-Differentiate into macrophages

Select all that apply. Erythrocytes lack

a cell membrane. a nucleus.--- organelles.---

thrombus

a clot that develops and persists in an intact damaged blood vessel ( roughended by scarring, inflammation or by atherosclerosis)

erythrocyte life cycle

about 120 days old erythrocytes are phagocytized in liver and spleen heme group is converted into biliverdin which is then converted to bilirubin becomes part of bile for digestive system function iron is transported by transferrin to liver and stored by ferritin erythrocyte proteins are broken down into free amino acids

functions of blood

blood is a fluid connective tissue transportation-transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste regulation-helps maintain temperature, pH, fluid levels in cardiovascular system protection- leukocytes guard against infection by triggering immune response to antigens (substance perceived as foreign) blood carries antibodies

Match the component of blood with its description.

erythrocytes-1-Lower layer; red blood cells buffy coat-2-Middle layer; leukocytes and platelets plasma-3- Top layer; straw-colored liquid

components of blood

erythrocytes-44% of a blood sample buffy coat- 1% of blood sample plasma-55% of blood erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets are collectively referred to as the formed elements

formed elements in blood

erythrocytes-transport respiratory gases leukocytes-that help mount an ummine response against pathogens platelets-that help with blood clotting formed elements can be viewed with a blood smear mostly see red blood cells, very few white

Megakaryocytes produce

erythrocytes. platelets.--- leukocytes. monocytes

formed elements of the bloods consist of what?

eurethrocytes, leukocytes

hemoglobin

every erythrocyte contains about 280 million molecules of hemoglobin hemoglobin transports oxygen and carbon dioxide oxygenated-when maximally loaded with oxygen deoxygenated-when some oxygen is lost and carbon dioxide gained each hemoglobin molecule consists of four globin polypeptides two alpha chains two beta chains each of the four globins possesses a heme group containing an iron ion for each oxygen to bind to thus, each hemoglobin molecule can bind a total of four oxygen molecules

what is hemocrit? what is hemoglobin

formed elements, red blood cells transports 4 oxygen

Each hemoglobin molecule within an erythrocyte is capable of carrying how many molecules of oxygen?

four

The red-pigmented protein in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide is called __________.

hemoglobin

hemocrit

is the percentage of the volume of all formed elements in the blood clinically it is percentage volume of erythroctes only varies with sex and age adult male-42-56% adult female-38-46% altitude can affect decreases oxygen hematocrit goes up to reach homeostasis

agranulocytes

lymphocytes: pathogens for infections monocytes: phagocytize cellular debris (bacteria and viruses)

granulocytes

neutrophils: phagocytes pathagens, bacteria, most numerous eosinophils: allergens and parasitic worms basophils: releases histamine in allergic response

The membrane-enclosed cellular fragments that do not have a nucleus and function to form blood clots are ____________.

platelets

The cell fragments that are a component of blood are

platelets.--- erythrocytes. leukocytes. plasma.

chemotaxis

process of moving towards chemicals that are found at sites of infection

diapedesis

process of squeezing through vessel wall to exit the bloodstream to get to tissue

erythropoiesis

production of erythrocytes about 3 million per second rate controlled by levels of hormone erythropoietin occurs in red bone marrow

erythrocytes

red blood cells (RBC) not true cells because they lack nucleus and organelles bioconcave disc shape as they pass through small blood vessels they line up in single file termed a rouleau vehicle to transport co2

platlets

small, irregular membrane enclosed cell fragements do not have nucleus produced in red marrow from cells called megakaryocytes involved in blood clotting thrombocytopenia is an abnormally small number of platelets trouble clotting blood

clot

the mass consisting of fibrin strands, platelets and blood cells that seals a tear clots contract in a muscle like way, pulling the edges of a tear together

leukocytes

white blood cells (WBC) possess a nucleus and organelles and are larger than erythrocytes they help initiate an immune response and defend the body against pathogens pathological contitions can cause abnormal numbers of leukocytes leukopenia- reduced number of cells leukocytosis-elevated number of cells leukocytes flexibility and motility help them get to pathogens