Chapter 21 - Opera and Vocal Music in the Early Classic Period

Using a convention normally reserved for high drama increases the comic effect

In La serva padrona, why does Pergolesi use orchestrally accompanied recitative while Uberto debates whether to marry Serpina?

wrote elegant melodies that allow singers to add a variety or ornaments

The musical example shown here demonstrates that Hasse

False

True or False: Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most vehement voices arguing against including Italian opera elements in French opera

express a succession of moods

Beginning in the 1720s and 1730s, composers of Italian operas began to use contrasting musical ideas within A and B sections of arias to

growing interest in amateur music-making

Composers published many songs for home performance in different countries, reflecting the

singing schools

Congregations in New England were encouraged to read music, which led to the development of

move more realistically and think of themselves as actors

Gluck supervised the production of his operas and wanted singers, both soloists and the chorus, to

opera buffa

If you were to attend a dramatic performance at a public theater in the early 1700s that was sung throughout, had sixor more singing characters, and had a contemporary plot centered around ordinary people, it would be an

use a familiar tune from a folk or popular song

If you were to hear an aria from a ballad opera, it probably would

all characters onstage, singing together

In a comic opera in the late 1700s, an act would most likely end with

recitative, either simple or accompanied

In an opera seria, action progresses through

1. full-length comic work - opera buffa 2. first book published in North America - the Bay Psalm Book 3. performed in 2 or 3 segments - intermezzo 4. full-length dramatic work - opera seria 5. French form of opera - opera comique

Matching: a. opera seria b. opera comique c. opera buffa d. The Bay Psalm Book e. intermezzo 1. a full-length comic work that employed recitative 2. the first book to be published in North America 3. performed in two to three segments between the acts of a serious opera or play 4. a full-length dramatic work without comic scenes or characters 5. a French form of opera

1. song that set lyric poetry - Lied 2. work w spoken dialogue - Singspiel 3. opens w syballic and homophonic section - fuging tunes 4. writeen disagreement - querelle des bouffons 5. new words set to well known tunes - ballad opera

Matching: a. querelle des bouffons b. Lied c. ballad opera d. fuging tunes e. Singspiel 1. a song that sets lyric poetry; originally intended for home performance 2. a work with spoken dialogue and musical numbers; usually has a comic plot 3. opens with a syllabic and homophonic section, then features a passage in free imitation,then returns to another homophonic section 4. a written disagreement over the merits of Italian comic opera 5. includes spoken dialogue and songs, many of which feature new words set to well-known tunes

fuging tunes

Most of William Billings's compositions were "plain tunes," but later collections included

two to four

Short Answer: By the mid-1700s, melodies in vocal works tended to use ________-measure phrases.

France and Italy

Short Answer: Composers of reform operas, such as Jommelli, Traetta, and Gluck, brought together the operatic traditions of what twocountries?

Overture

Short Answer: Gluck believed that the ________ should "apprise the spectators of the nature of the action that is to be represented."

The Beggar's Opera

Short Answer: One of the most successful and famous ballad operas is ________.

spoken dialogue

Short Answer: Opéra comique and ballad opera use ________ rather than recitative.

antecedent-consequent

Short Answer: The accompaniment and the vocal line of the following example open with two-measure phrases that form a(n)________ pair.

star singers

Short Answer: The focus of the audience's attention in an opera seria was on ________ such as Faustina Bordoni, rather than thecomposer, the story, or the scenery.

Pietro Metastasio

Short Answer: The opera libretti written by ________ were set hundreds of times by leading composers.

New England Psalm-Singer

Short Answer: William Billings's ________ was the first published collection of music composed entirely in North America andthe first music book published in North America by a single composer.

Opera comique

Short Answer: ________ began around 1710 as popular entertainment comprised of vaudevilles but developed throughout thecentury to have newly composed ariettes.

feature clear, direct melodies

Songs of the late eighteenth century are infrequently performed today, yet they embody the ideals of the Enlightenment because they

aria from a comic opera

The following example appears to be a(n)

Alceste

The preface to the score of ________ explains the goals of operatic reformers in the mid-1700s.

False

True or False: Arias in comic Italian operas typically have long, difficult phrases with little repetition and are accompanied bycomplex orchestration.

True

True or False: Comic opera both entertained and served a moral purpose by poking fun at human foibles.

True

True or False: During the reign of Catherine the Great, Galuppi was chapelmaster and court composer and wrote numerous sacred concertos

False

True or False: Few Italian composers wrote both opera and church music.

True

True or False: In France, solo songs such as the romance were simple, strophic, only lightly ornamented, and set sentimental texts.

True

True or False: Metrical psalm-singing was one of the central musical elements in Calvinist worship in New England.

False

True or False: Opera reformers in Italy stressed the predominance of the music and the talents of the solo singers.

True

True or False: Opera seria plots often focus on human conflicts resolved by heroic deeds.

True

True or False: The Moravians imported current musical styles from Europe and used a variety of instruments in their church services

They often parodied heroic characters and questioned social hierarchies.

Which aspect of intermezzi differs from opere serie?

Russians were unable to create their own Russian-language genres.

Which is NOT true of opera in eighteenth-century Russia?

opportunity for virtuostic display

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of German Lieder in the 1700s?

complex harmonies

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of Italian comic opera in the mid-1700s?

Composers used accompanied recitative and ensembles less frequently

Which of the following is NOT true of reform opera?

parallel octaves and fifths and open chords without thirds

William Billings declared independence from normal rules of counterpoint and wrote that he had devised a better set of rules. He used

Catholic

________ church musicians employed the musical idioms of opera, such as orchestral accompaniments, da capoarias, accompanied recitatives, and choruses, to express the text and

la serva padrona

________ is one of the most famous and successful intermezzi.