chapter 21 smartbook

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arthropod/biological

Transmission of Rickettsial diseases is dependent on ... vectors

contact with contaminated fingers and fomites

Transmission of ocular trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachoma, occurs by ______.

true

True or false: Chlamydia are obligate intracellular parasites

false: Upon the healing of the chancre in primary syphilis, the infectious agent has escaped into the bloodstream and is increasing in activity.

True or false: If a chancre heals in primary syphilis, the infected person is considered cured

false: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is named after the region where it was first detected in the US

True or false: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is named after the location of the highest incidence of the disease in the US

act intracellularly

Urogenital chlamydial infections are most effectively treated with drugs that ______

- Spend part of their life cycle in the bodies of arthropods - Obligate intracellular parasites

What are the characteristics of the Order Rickettsiales?

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

What are the stages of untreated syphilis?

The infectious agent has escaped into the bloodstream and is increasing in activity.

Why is the healed chancre deceptive in syphilis infection?

obligate intracellular parasite, pleomorphic morphology, small size

characteristics of the Chlamydiaceae

dark-field

A presumptive diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni infection can be obtained by direct examination of feces with a ______ microscope to show the characteristic curved rods and darting motility of this bacterium

gumma

A soft tumorous mass containing granuloma tissue that develops during tertiary syphilis is called a(n) ______

congenital

A syphilis infection of the fetus or newborn acquired from maternal infection in utero is called ______ syphilis

elementary; reticulate

Chlamydias alternate between two life stages, an inactive, infectious ... body and a noninfectious dividing form called a(n) ... body

- primary - secondary - early latency

Syphilis is transmissible during which of the following stages?

In embryonated chicken eggs

How are most rickettsial cells successfully grown?

curved

In terms of shape Campylobacters are ... or spiral bacteria

tertiary

In the ... stage of syphilis infection, numerous damaging pathological complications exist in various body systems, such as cardiovascular syphilis or the development of gummas in various tissues

passage through the birth canal

Infantile inclusion conjunctivitis, a result of chlamydial infection, is acquired by ______.

chlamydia

Lymphogranuloma venereum is a disfiguring disease characterized by deforming edema of the genitals caused by chronic infection by an extremely virulent strain of the pathogen ...

sexual

Syphilis is commonly transmitted through ... contact or vertical transmission to the fetus in utero

tertiary

Syphilis is generally unable to be transmitted during the ... stage

- through sex - to the fetus in utero

Syphilis is most commonly transmitted by which two of the following?

can be grown on artificial media

All of the following are characteristics of the Chlamydiaceae EXCEPT ______

- lice - ticks - fleas

Arthropods involved in the transmission of Rickettsial diseases include ______.

spirochete

B. burgdorferi is a large ... with irregular, loose coils and complex nutritional requirements

- Central nervous - Cardiovascular

Besides the skin lesions, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever can have serious effects on which two systems of the body?

latency

Between the secondary and tertiary stages of syphilis, many infections enter a period of

lice

Borrelioses tend to be spread via these arthropod vectors: ... and ticks

jejuni

Campylobacter ..., one of the most important causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, is transmitted through contaminated beverages and food

trachoma; conjunctivitis

Chlamydia trachomatis causes the two eye diseases ocular ... and inclusion ...

fecal

Diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni infection requires a ... or blood sample from the patient

Appearance of chancre

During the primary stage of syphilis, what is the main sign/symptom?

food; beverages

One of the most important causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, Campylobacter jejuni is a primary pathogen transmitted through contaminated ... and ...

- wearing protective clothing - carefully removing ticks - using insect sprays

Preventative measures for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever include ______

smaller than

Rickettsias are generally ______ most bacteria

tick

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is spread by a biological vector, in most cases a ...

titer; DNA

Routine diagnosis of Lyme disease relies on early serological testing with an ELISA method that tracks a rising antibody ... and test for spirochetal ... in specimens in the late stage

- systemic rashes - fever - sore throat - headache

Secondary syphilis is characterized by ______

secondary

The ... stage of syphilis infection is characterized by systemic signs and symptoms, such as rashes, fever, and sore throat, that are eventually resolved

- southeast - eastern seaboard

The _____ and _____ regions have the highest incidence of RMSF in the United States

borrelia burgdorferi

The causative agent for Lyme disease is ... ...

chlamydia

The causative agent for trachoma is ... trachomatis

large mice and deer populations

The concentration of Lyme disease cases is correlated with areas of the country that have ______.

rash

The early signs and symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, stiff neck, dizziness, and a characteristic ...

- stiff neck - rash at bite site - fever - headache

The early signs/symptoms of Lyme disease are ______.

- chills - fever - headache - muscle pain

The early symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever include ______.

- Better diagnostic methods - Increased number of hosts - Increased number of vectors

The increase in the incidence of Lyme disease may be due to which of the following?

avoiding contact with vector

The main prevention for Lyme disease involves _____.

asymptomatic

The majority of chlamydia infections are _____ in the host

trachoma

The strain of Chlamydia trachomatis which causes trachoma is the ... strain

- Dark-field microscopy - Silver staining - Polymerase Chain Reaction

Which tests can easily be used to directly detect the presence of the syphilis spirochete?

Syphilis

What is the sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum?

Curved rods

What shape are vibrio cells?

- Gram-negative cell wall - Divide though binary fission

Which are characteristics of Rickettsias?

- Vibrio - Campylobacter - Helicobacter

Which are the three genera of curviform bacteria?

- Azithromycin - Doxycycline

Which drugs are useful in treating urogenital chlamydial infections?

tight spirals

Which is a characteristic of Helicobacter?

Endothelial linings of small blood vessels

Which is a common target in rickettsial infections?

Rickettsia rickettsii

Which is the causative agent for Rocky Mountain Spotted fever?

- Internal flagella - Gram-negative cell wall - Helical form

Which of the following are characteristics of spirochetes?

- Polar flagella - Nonfermenting - S-shaped

Which of the following are common characteristics of Campylobacter vibrios?

Ixodes

Which of the following is NOT a member of the Order Rickettsiales?

Lacks a periplasmic space

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of spirochetes?

lymphogranuloma venereum

Which of the following is a disease caused by chronic infection with an especially virulent strain of Chlamydia that leads to deforming edema of the genitals?

it is increasing

Which of the following is true regarding the incidence of Lyme disease?

Humans

______ provide the reservoir for pathogenic strains of Chlamydia trachomatis

spirochete

a helical-shaped bacterium that flexes as it moves

dark-field

a rapid, direct method of diagnosis for early syphilis infection is by detecting the spirochete through ... - ... microscopy

primary

stage of syphilis is characterized by the appearance of a chancre at the site of pathogen entry

chancre

the primary sore of syphilis that forms at the site of penetration by Treponema pallidum


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