chapter 21 smartbook
arthropod/biological
Transmission of Rickettsial diseases is dependent on ... vectors
contact with contaminated fingers and fomites
Transmission of ocular trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachoma, occurs by ______.
true
True or false: Chlamydia are obligate intracellular parasites
false: Upon the healing of the chancre in primary syphilis, the infectious agent has escaped into the bloodstream and is increasing in activity.
True or false: If a chancre heals in primary syphilis, the infected person is considered cured
false: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is named after the region where it was first detected in the US
True or false: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is named after the location of the highest incidence of the disease in the US
act intracellularly
Urogenital chlamydial infections are most effectively treated with drugs that ______
- Spend part of their life cycle in the bodies of arthropods - Obligate intracellular parasites
What are the characteristics of the Order Rickettsiales?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
What are the stages of untreated syphilis?
The infectious agent has escaped into the bloodstream and is increasing in activity.
Why is the healed chancre deceptive in syphilis infection?
obligate intracellular parasite, pleomorphic morphology, small size
characteristics of the Chlamydiaceae
dark-field
A presumptive diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni infection can be obtained by direct examination of feces with a ______ microscope to show the characteristic curved rods and darting motility of this bacterium
gumma
A soft tumorous mass containing granuloma tissue that develops during tertiary syphilis is called a(n) ______
congenital
A syphilis infection of the fetus or newborn acquired from maternal infection in utero is called ______ syphilis
elementary; reticulate
Chlamydias alternate between two life stages, an inactive, infectious ... body and a noninfectious dividing form called a(n) ... body
- primary - secondary - early latency
Syphilis is transmissible during which of the following stages?
In embryonated chicken eggs
How are most rickettsial cells successfully grown?
curved
In terms of shape Campylobacters are ... or spiral bacteria
tertiary
In the ... stage of syphilis infection, numerous damaging pathological complications exist in various body systems, such as cardiovascular syphilis or the development of gummas in various tissues
passage through the birth canal
Infantile inclusion conjunctivitis, a result of chlamydial infection, is acquired by ______.
chlamydia
Lymphogranuloma venereum is a disfiguring disease characterized by deforming edema of the genitals caused by chronic infection by an extremely virulent strain of the pathogen ...
sexual
Syphilis is commonly transmitted through ... contact or vertical transmission to the fetus in utero
tertiary
Syphilis is generally unable to be transmitted during the ... stage
- through sex - to the fetus in utero
Syphilis is most commonly transmitted by which two of the following?
can be grown on artificial media
All of the following are characteristics of the Chlamydiaceae EXCEPT ______
- lice - ticks - fleas
Arthropods involved in the transmission of Rickettsial diseases include ______.
spirochete
B. burgdorferi is a large ... with irregular, loose coils and complex nutritional requirements
- Central nervous - Cardiovascular
Besides the skin lesions, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever can have serious effects on which two systems of the body?
latency
Between the secondary and tertiary stages of syphilis, many infections enter a period of
lice
Borrelioses tend to be spread via these arthropod vectors: ... and ticks
jejuni
Campylobacter ..., one of the most important causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, is transmitted through contaminated beverages and food
trachoma; conjunctivitis
Chlamydia trachomatis causes the two eye diseases ocular ... and inclusion ...
fecal
Diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni infection requires a ... or blood sample from the patient
Appearance of chancre
During the primary stage of syphilis, what is the main sign/symptom?
food; beverages
One of the most important causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, Campylobacter jejuni is a primary pathogen transmitted through contaminated ... and ...
- wearing protective clothing - carefully removing ticks - using insect sprays
Preventative measures for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever include ______
smaller than
Rickettsias are generally ______ most bacteria
tick
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is spread by a biological vector, in most cases a ...
titer; DNA
Routine diagnosis of Lyme disease relies on early serological testing with an ELISA method that tracks a rising antibody ... and test for spirochetal ... in specimens in the late stage
- systemic rashes - fever - sore throat - headache
Secondary syphilis is characterized by ______
secondary
The ... stage of syphilis infection is characterized by systemic signs and symptoms, such as rashes, fever, and sore throat, that are eventually resolved
- southeast - eastern seaboard
The _____ and _____ regions have the highest incidence of RMSF in the United States
borrelia burgdorferi
The causative agent for Lyme disease is ... ...
chlamydia
The causative agent for trachoma is ... trachomatis
large mice and deer populations
The concentration of Lyme disease cases is correlated with areas of the country that have ______.
rash
The early signs and symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, stiff neck, dizziness, and a characteristic ...
- stiff neck - rash at bite site - fever - headache
The early signs/symptoms of Lyme disease are ______.
- chills - fever - headache - muscle pain
The early symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever include ______.
- Better diagnostic methods - Increased number of hosts - Increased number of vectors
The increase in the incidence of Lyme disease may be due to which of the following?
avoiding contact with vector
The main prevention for Lyme disease involves _____.
asymptomatic
The majority of chlamydia infections are _____ in the host
trachoma
The strain of Chlamydia trachomatis which causes trachoma is the ... strain
- Dark-field microscopy - Silver staining - Polymerase Chain Reaction
Which tests can easily be used to directly detect the presence of the syphilis spirochete?
Syphilis
What is the sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum?
Curved rods
What shape are vibrio cells?
- Gram-negative cell wall - Divide though binary fission
Which are characteristics of Rickettsias?
- Vibrio - Campylobacter - Helicobacter
Which are the three genera of curviform bacteria?
- Azithromycin - Doxycycline
Which drugs are useful in treating urogenital chlamydial infections?
tight spirals
Which is a characteristic of Helicobacter?
Endothelial linings of small blood vessels
Which is a common target in rickettsial infections?
Rickettsia rickettsii
Which is the causative agent for Rocky Mountain Spotted fever?
- Internal flagella - Gram-negative cell wall - Helical form
Which of the following are characteristics of spirochetes?
- Polar flagella - Nonfermenting - S-shaped
Which of the following are common characteristics of Campylobacter vibrios?
Ixodes
Which of the following is NOT a member of the Order Rickettsiales?
Lacks a periplasmic space
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of spirochetes?
lymphogranuloma venereum
Which of the following is a disease caused by chronic infection with an especially virulent strain of Chlamydia that leads to deforming edema of the genitals?
it is increasing
Which of the following is true regarding the incidence of Lyme disease?
Humans
______ provide the reservoir for pathogenic strains of Chlamydia trachomatis
spirochete
a helical-shaped bacterium that flexes as it moves
dark-field
a rapid, direct method of diagnosis for early syphilis infection is by detecting the spirochete through ... - ... microscopy
primary
stage of syphilis is characterized by the appearance of a chancre at the site of pathogen entry
chancre
the primary sore of syphilis that forms at the site of penetration by Treponema pallidum