Chapter 21,22 and 24 Test Review
Global warming by the greenhouse effect mostly results from the fact an atmosphere with excess carbon dioxide is less transparent to
terrestrial radiation
During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is
water expands when freezing
The reason an ocean's temperature doesn't vary much from one season to the next is that
water has a high specific heat capacity
The lowest possible temperature in nature is
absolute zero
Temperature is related mostly to the
average molecular kinetic energy in a substance
The first law of thermodynamics is restatement of the
conservation of energy
When work is done by a system and no heat is added to it, the temperature of the system
decreases
A bimetallic strip will bend when heated because
each metal expands at different rates
Adiabatic processes occur in
earth's mantle, oceans, atmosphere
Heat transfer by conduction in metals occurs when
electrons bump into atoms and other electrons
Heat is the
energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference
Energy transfer by convection is primarily restricted to
fluids
A good absorber of radiation is a
good emitter of radiation
The greater the difference in temperature between the input reservoir and output reservoir for a heat engine, the
greater the efficiency
Some molecules are able to absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations. Materials composed of such molecules would have
high specific heat capacities
When a volume of air is compressed and no heat enters or leaves, the air temperature will
increase
Suppose the temperature of the input reservoir in a heat engine doesn't change. As the sink temperature is lowered, the efficiency of the engine
increases
Heat is measured in
kilocalories, joules, calories
Heat transfer by convection occurs when
large numbers of atoms move from place to place
Newton's law of cooling says that the rate of cooling depends on the
temperature difference between an object and its surroundings
Which temperature scale labels the freezing point of water at 0 degrees?
Celsius
Which cools at the faster, a pot of boiling water left at room temperature or a pot of lukewarm water the same size left at room temperature?
The boiling water
Which is denser, ice at 0 degrees C or water at 4 degrees C?
The water
Systems that are left alone, tend to move toward a state of
more entropy
Specific heat capacity is related to the amount of internal energy
needed to change the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree
A good reflector of radiation is a
poor absorber of radiation
Heat travels from the sun to Earth by
radiation
The reason light-colored clothes help keep you cool in warm weather is that clothes of light color
reflect a lot of energy
Two identical blocks of iron, one at 10 degrees C and the other at 2 degrees C, are put in contact. Suppose the cooler block cools to 5 degrees C and the warmer block warms warms to 25 degrees C. This would violate the
second law of thermodynamics
When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in its
temperature and internal energy
