Chapter 21,22 and 24 Test Review

Global warming by the greenhouse effect mostly results from the fact an atmosphere with excess carbon dioxide is less transparent to

terrestrial radiation

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is

water expands when freezing

The reason an ocean's temperature doesn't vary much from one season to the next is that

water has a high specific heat capacity

The lowest possible temperature in nature is

absolute zero

Temperature is related mostly to the

average molecular kinetic energy in a substance

The first law of thermodynamics is restatement of the

conservation of energy

When work is done by a system and no heat is added to it, the temperature of the system

decreases

A bimetallic strip will bend when heated because

each metal expands at different rates

Adiabatic processes occur in

earth's mantle, oceans, atmosphere

Heat transfer by conduction in metals occurs when

electrons bump into atoms and other electrons

Heat is the

energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference

Energy transfer by convection is primarily restricted to

fluids

A good absorber of radiation is a

good emitter of radiation

The greater the difference in temperature between the input reservoir and output reservoir for a heat engine, the

greater the efficiency

Some molecules are able to absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations. Materials composed of such molecules would have

high specific heat capacities

When a volume of air is compressed and no heat enters or leaves, the air temperature will

increase

Suppose the temperature of the input reservoir in a heat engine doesn't change. As the sink temperature is lowered, the efficiency of the engine

increases

Heat is measured in

kilocalories, joules, calories

Heat transfer by convection occurs when

large numbers of atoms move from place to place

Newton's law of cooling says that the rate of cooling depends on the

temperature difference between an object and its surroundings

Which temperature scale labels the freezing point of water at 0 degrees?

Celsius

Which cools at the faster, a pot of boiling water left at room temperature or a pot of lukewarm water the same size left at room temperature?

The boiling water

Which is denser, ice at 0 degrees C or water at 4 degrees C?

The water

Systems that are left alone, tend to move toward a state of

more entropy

Specific heat capacity is related to the amount of internal energy

needed to change the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree

A good reflector of radiation is a

poor absorber of radiation

Heat travels from the sun to Earth by

radiation

The reason light-colored clothes help keep you cool in warm weather is that clothes of light color

reflect a lot of energy

Two identical blocks of iron, one at 10 degrees C and the other at 2 degrees C, are put in contact. Suppose the cooler block cools to 5 degrees C and the warmer block warms warms to 25 degrees C. This would violate the

second law of thermodynamics

When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in its

temperature and internal energy