Chapter 22
Which of the following is a correct and balanced equation showing the reaction of calcium and oxygen? (While several of the equations may be balanced, only one has the correct products and reactants as well as being correctly balanced.)
2Ca + O₂ = 2CaO
What happens to the entropy of the universe as the products are formed in an exothermic chemical reaction?
Chemical potential energy is converted into thermal energy resulting in an increase in entropy.
The atomic orbitals for potassium (K) and bromine (Br) are similar to those for sodium and chlorine. However they differ in that the potassium and bromine atomic orbitals are higher in energy than their counterparts. Why is this?
K and Br valence electrons experience a weaker attraction for their nucleus because they are farther from the nucleus.
Ionic bonding
Metal and nonmetal valence electron from metal given to nonmetal electrons are localized
which of the following is an ionic compound: O2 NH3 MgF2 CO2
MgF₂
Phosphorous is a non-metal found on the right hand side of the Periodic Table. Using the Periodic Table, determine the ion that would most likely form from this non-metal
P⁻³
Strontium is a metal found on the left-hand side of the Periodic Table. Using the Periodic Table, determine the ion most likely to form from this metal
Sr+²
Aluminum chloride is an ionic compound with a formula of AlCl3. Which of the following statements is true about the compound?
The ions will arrange themselves in the most energetically favorable arrangements with ions of one charge surrounded by ions of the opposite charge.
salts readily transmit light, so they are said to have this property
reflectivity
a substance formed from the ionic bond of a metal with a nonmetal
salt
what happens to the valence electrons as an ionic compound is formed?
the metal atom's valence electrons are given to the non-metal
the oxidation state of an atom is determined by
the number of electrons gained or lost when an ionic bond is formed
what happens to the valence electrons when an ionic compound is formed?
they typically end up with less energy
a salt is electrically neutral
true
metals easily lose electrons
true
molten salts are ionic conductors
true
How many more electrons does unbound oxygen need to fill its 2nd shell?
2
Which of the following would best describe the room temperature characteristics of the substance that results from the reaction of potassium and bromine?
Brittle, transparent, electrically non-conducting solid.
21. What is the charge of iron (Fe) in the compound Fe2O3?
+3
Properties of Ionic bonds
1) brittle- repelling of charges, electrons are free to move around 2) transparent- photons can go through bc electrons are localized not blocking 3)high melting and boiling point (highest of all)- hard to pull apart ionic bonds, need high energy 4) ionic conductors (not good conductors if solid)- electrons are not free flowing. if dissolved, ions will separate and be free to move around and carry charge
Which of the following would best describe the room temperature characteristics of ionic substance?
Brittle, non-conducting solid with high melting points.
a characteristic of ionic substances, such as salts, that readily shatter when struck a sharp blow
brittleness
ionic compounds are formed b/t a metal and a
non-metal
a material that contains ions when dissolved or molten to produce an electrically conductive medium
electrolyte
electrons like to go to the highest energy condition available to them
false
ionic compounds have extremely low melting temperatures
false
salts can easily be flatten or reshaped
false
a charged atom or molecule with unequal numbers of protons and electrons formed by losing or gaining electrons
ion
the chemical bond that binds metallic ions to nonmetallic ions by electrical attraction
ionic bonding