Chapter 22 & 23 surgical procedures

Embolectomy or thrombectomy

A Embolus can be a blood clot,fat,air, or even small portion of a tumor that circulates thru the cardiovascular system until it gets lodged. At which point it becomes a thrombus.

Ventricular assist device

A mechanical pump used to support the heart function and blood flow in people with weak or failing hearts.

Angioscopy

A medical technique for visualizing the interior of blood vessels. In this technique a flexible fiber optic catheter is inserted in the artery.

Aortic valve replacement

A procedure in which a failing valve is replaced with an artificial heart valve. This valve can be affected by a range of diseases; the valve can either become leaky or partially blocked.

Mediastinum

A procedure that enables visualization of the contents of the mediastinum, usually for the purpose of obtaining a biopsy. Also it is used for staging of lymph nodes of lung cancer or diagnosing other conditions affecting the structures in the mediastinum such as sarcoidosis or lymphoma.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm with graft

A procedure used to treat an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta

Coronary artery bypass with grafting (CABG)

A surgical procedure that improve blood flow to the heart

Pneumonectomy

A surgical procedure to remove a lung. Removal of just one lobe of the lung is specifically referred to as a lobectomy, and that of a segment of the lung is as a wedge resection.

Upper lobectomy

A surgical removal of a lobe of the upper lung.

Off pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB)

A type of surgical procedure that improves blood flow to the heart but does not employ the cardio pulmonary pump

Arteriovenous fistula and shunt

Abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein. May be congenital or surgically created for hemodialysis treatment

Repair of atrial septal defect (ASD)

An ASD is an abnormal opening in the walls between the two atria. There are three types of ASD: ostium secumdum, sinus venous, and ostium primum.

Bronchoscopy

An endoscopic technique of visualizing the inside of the airway for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes.

Repair of coarctation of the aorta

Localized narrowing of the aorta in an otherwise normal vessel.

Intra-aorta balloon pump (IABP)

Mechanical device designed for circulatory support after cardiac procedure. IInInsertion of the balloon pump may increase cardiac output it to a level that would permit separation from the pump

Closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

PDA is a failure of that fetal structure to completely close after birth.

Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy

Removal of organized blood clots from the pulmonary arteries.

Aorta femoral bypass

Surgery used to bypass disease large blood vessels in the abdomen and groin

Unilateral femoropopliteal bypass

Surgical procedure that may be used to treat severe blockage due to plaque in the femoral artery

Decortication of the lungs

Surgical procedure that removes a restrictive layer of fibrous tissue overlying the lungs, chest wall and diaphragm. The aim is to allow lungs to reexpand.

Repair of tetralogy of fallot

TOF results in cyanosis, which may appear soon after birth, in infancy, or in childhood. Blue babies

Carotid endarterectomy

To remove plaque buildup in the carotid arteries

Nuss pectus excavatum repair

Treatment is for aesthetic and psychological reasons as well as restoration of normal respiratory functions in extreme cases. Funnel shaped chest

Video assisted thoracic surgery

VATS is used for the diagnosis and treatment of several thoracic diseases and disorders of the esophagus, lungs, mediastinum, pericardium and pleura.