Chapter 22 Homework

Label the figure with the terms provided

1) CD4/TCR binds presented antigen 2) Other receptors interact, and helper T-lymphocyte releases IL-2 as an autocrine signal 3) Clones of activated and memory helper T-lymphocytes are produced

Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used

A fever inhibits reproduction of BACTERIA and viruses, promotes INTERFERON activity, INCREASES activity of ADAPTIVE immunity, and accelerates TISSUE repair.

The clumping of blood during a mismatched blood transfusion is due to a property of the antigen-binding region of antibodies called

Agglutination

Select all that are infectious agents

Bacteria Fungi Viruses Parasites

Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used

Cytokines are small, soluble PROTEINS produced by cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system to regulate and facilitate immune system activity. A cytokine is released from one cell and binds to a specific RECEPTOR of a target cell, where its action is similar to that of a hormone. Cytokines can act on the cell that released it (AUTOCRINE), local neighboring cells (PARACRINE), or circulate in the blood to cause systemic effects (ENDOCRINE)

Classify each term as a first, second, or third line of defense

First- skin, mucosal membrane Second- eosinophils, inflammation, fever Third- cell-mediated immunity, lymphocytes, antibodies

Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify what type of immunity is classified by each label. Not all terms will be used

Four cardinal signs of INFLAMMATION are recognized Erythrocytes arriving at the site and perfusing the dermis are visible through the skin which produces REDNESS The increase in blood flow to an area of injury or infection brings HEAT from the axial regions of the body With increased blood flow and leakiness of capillaries, fluids are delivered to the tissue faster than they are removed resulting in SWELLING (EDEMA) Swelling increases the pressure of fluids and mechanical structure on adjacent structures and thus activating receptors for PAIN

Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used

Generally, two categories of cells present antigen to T-lymphocytes: all nucleated cells of the body and a category of cells called ANTIGEN-PRESENTING cells. The latter includes any immune cell that functions specifically to communicate the presence of ANTIGEN to both HELPER T- lymphocytes and cytotoxic B-LYMPHOCYTES. Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-LYMPHOCYTES function as APCs.

Mucus in the trachea is part of the body's

Innate immunity

Select all that are categories of cytokines

Interleukins Interferons Tumor necrosis factor Colony stimulating factor

An antigen presenting cell presents antigen to a helper T-lymphocyte

On its surface on a class II MHC

Match the component of innate immunity with its function

Physical barrier- prevent microorganisms from entering the body Chemical barrier- kill organisms, promote inflammation

Why might it be beneficial to allow a mild fever to continue? Select all that apply

Replication of bacteria & viruses is slowed It stimulates migration of immune cells into the tissue It accelerates tissue repair

Indicate whether the label identifies a specific or nonspecific form of defense

Specific: B-lymphocytes Antibodies Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes Plasma cells Nonspecific: Skin Neutrophils Monocytes

Fill in the blanks with the terms provided

T-lymphocytes originate in RED BONE MARROW and then migrate to the THYMUS to complete their maturation. They already have a unique TCR, and within the thymus synthesize both the CD4 and CD8 proteins, one of which will later be deleted Each T-lymphocyte must have its TCR "tested" to determine not only whether it is able to bind to the MHC molecule with presented ANTIGEN, but also whether it binds only to antigens that are NONSELF. This testing results in T-LYMPHOCYTE selection

Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used

The ANTIGEN-PRESENTED CELL encounters and processes the antigen With the antigen, the antigen-presenting cell migrates to the nearest LYMPH NODE The antigen-presenting cell displays the antigen to the T-LYMPHOCYTES If the antigens are viral proteins or abnormal antigens, the T-lymphocytes initiate the IMMUNE RESPONSE Infected or malignant cells are then DESTROYED before they can do further harm to the body

Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used

The binding of a PROTEIN to a portion of bacteria or other cell type that enhances its removal by PHAGOCYTOSIS is a process called OPSONIZATION. The binding protein is called an OPSONIN. The binding of COMPLEMENT makes it more likely that a substance is identified and engulfed by phagocytic cells

High fever is dangerous because proteins may denature and metabolic pathways may change

True

Interferon

stimulates macrophages and NK cells to destroy virus infected cells