Chapter 22 - Part 2

Each of the following will result in inspiration or an increase in the respiratory rate. Which of the following is the exception? increased carbon dioxide levels as detected by the chemoreceptors in the brain stem an increased hydrogen ion concentration as detected by the chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotids inflation of the lungs increased movement as detected by receptors in the muscles and joints

inflation of the lungs

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations humidifying the air before it enters warming the air before it enters

interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid

For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be ________. The thickness of the respiratory membrane is not important in the efficiency of gas exchange. 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick at least 3 micrometers thick between 5 and 6 micrometers thick

0.5 to 1 micrometer thick

All of the following statements are true. Which of the following is the exception? It is common for the thoracic wall to become less compliant as we age. Respiratory rate is lower in newborn infants than it is in adults. During fetal life, lungs are filled with fluid. The descent of the diaphragm during inspiration may result in expansion of the abdominal cavity.

Respiratory rate is lower in newborn infants than it is in adults

Which of the following determines lung compliance? airway opening and tracheal cartilages muscles of inspiration and expiration flexibility of the thoracic cage and intercostal rigidity alveolar surface tension and extensibility of the lung tissue

alveolar surface tension and extensibility of the lung tissue

The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is due to which of the following chemicals? pH calcium oxygen carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2? internal respiration external respiration each of these are processes necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2 the transport of respiratory gases through the vessels of the body pulmonary ventilation

each of these are processes necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2alveolar surface tension and extensibility of the lung tissue

Tidal volume is air ________. inhaled after normal inspiration exchanged during normal breathing forcibly expelled after normal expiration remaining in the lungs after forced expiration

exchanged during normal breathing

Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? the temperature solubility in water molecular weight and size of the gas molecule the difference in the partial pressures of the gas between each location (i.e. capillary/alveoli - etc.)

the difference in the partial pressures of the gas between each location (i.e. capillary/alveoli - etc.)

Which of the choices below describes the forces that act to pull the lungs away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs? the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and transpulmonary pressures compliance and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid compliance and transpulmonary pressures

the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid