chapter 22
30. Martin Luther King, Jr., targeted Birmingham, Alabama, for demonstrations because he considered it a. the most segregated city in the country. b. a city with very little segregation. c. a city that practiced de facto segregation. d. a city that would welcome an end to segregation.
a
31. After watching television coverage of the brutal tactics used against protesters by the Birmingham police, even opponents of the civil rights movement were a. appalled by the police violence. b. angry with the peaceful protesters. c. supportive of the actions of the police. d. uninterested in the confrontation.
a
34. The black power movement taught that African Americans should a. separate from white society and lead their own communities. b. strive to end segregation. c. emigrate to Africa. d. use nonviolent protest to bring about change. 4
a
36. How did the National Urban League help African Americans? a. by helping newcomers to large cities find homes and jobs b. by providing legal support to defend them in court c. by providing them with good medical care d. by helping them to integrate lunch counters
a
40. Which was a highlight of the March on Washington? a. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech b. President Johnson's "Great Society" speech c. President Kennedy's "New Frontier" speech d. Stokely Carmichael's "Black Power" speech
a
46. The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education ended a. the "separate but equal" doctrine. b. Jackie Robinson's career in baseball. c. Eisenhower's support of civil rights. d. discrimination in the hiring of federal employees.
a
48. In 1957, Eisenhower used the Arkansas National Guard to a. enforce school integration. b. uphold the "separate but equal" doctrine. c. protect factories from striking workers. d. support the governor of Arkansas.
a
51. In the 1920s and 1930s, the NAACP had success in challenging a. segregation laws. b. labor unions. c. economic inequality. d. bus companies.
a
59. The Freedom Rides were organized to test a. a Supreme Court decision. b. the safety of buses. c. a congressional decree. d. the character of local police officers.
a
61. James Meredith advanced the cause of civil rights when he a. tried to enroll at Ole Miss. b. opened an integrated lunch counter. c. organized the Freedom Rides. d. became an air force officer. Name:
a
62. Civil rights leaders targeted Birmingham in 1963 because the city a. was highly segregated. b. was almost bankrupt. c. had few African Americans. d. was the hometown of Martin Luther King, Jr.
a
64. The success at Birmingham proved the effectiveness of a. nonviolent protest. b. the civil rights movement. c. segregation. d. sit-ins.
a
65. Treatment of demonstrators by the Birmingham police a. angered most Americans. b. was praised by President Kennedy. c. ended the demonstration. d. was controlled by federal marshals.
a
70. Johnson's two civil rights laws are considered to be a. landmarks in American history. b. unconstitutional. c. too weak to enforce. d. too radical for the 1960s. Name:
a
71. The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party was organized to send delegates to the a. Democratic National Convention. b. March on Washington. c. United States Congress. d. Soviet Union.
a
77. Which of the following leaders were assassinated in 1968? a. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert Kennedy b. Robert Kennedy and Malcolm X c. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X d. James Baldwin and Robert Kennedy
a
28. To achieve victory in the struggle for civil rights, Martin Luther King, Jr., and other members of the SCLC encouraged a policy of a. armed confrontation. b. nonviolent protest. c. lawsuits. d. national strikes.
b
32. Participants in the 1963 March on Washington hoped to a. get "Bull" Connor prosecuted for police brutality. b. convince Congress to pass civil rights legislation. c. prevent the reelection of President Kennedy. d. do battle with the police of Washington, D.C.
b
33. After Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a. the civil rights movement slowly ended. b. white Southerners still prevented most African Americans from voting. c. many African Americans were elected to office at all levels. d. the Supreme Court declared the law unconstitutional.
b
42. What did Malcolm X encourage African Americans to do? a. to fight for greater integration with white society b. to separate themselves from white society c. to love and pray for white people d. to abandon violent, militant tactics in favor of civil disobedience
b
50. The successes of the civil rights movement of the 1950s largely bypassed a. African Americans. b. Native Americans. c. Mexican Americans. d. all of the above
b
54. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was organized by a. young African Americans. b. African American clergymen. c. pacifists. d. white businessmen and African American businessmen.
b
57. SNCC entrusted decisions about priorities and tactics to a. its white members. b. young activists. c. the SCLC. d. older, more experienced leaders.
b
66. At first, President Kennedy moved slowly on civil rights issues to avoid a. promoting the Freedom Rides. b. offending southern Democratic senators. c. upsetting Martin Luther King, Jr. d. embarrassing Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.
b
67. The brutality against African Americans in Birmingham prompted Kennedy to a. vote for a fair housing bill. b. propose a strong civil rights bill. c. jail several southern Democratic leaders. d. release Martin Luther King, Jr., on bail.
b
74. Unlike the early civil rights leaders, Malcolm X believed strongly that a. the races should be separated. b. African Americans should copy whites. c. schools should be fully integrated. d. African Americans should move to Mecca.
b
76. The Black Panthers wanted African Americans to a. end the urban riots. b. lead their own communities. c. practice nonviolent protest. d. join interracial groups.
b
29. SNCC was formed to enable students to a. use more peaceful tactics than the SCLC. b. shift the civil rights movement to the North. c. make their own decisions about priorities and tactics. d. establish a more interracial organization.
c
37. In what way were the SCLC and CORE alike? a. Both relied on militant tactics. b. Both were founded by church leaders. c. Both promoted nonviolent protest. d. Neither was interracial.
c
38. In which state did Freedom Riders encounter violent resistance? a. Michigan b. California c. Alabama d. West Virginia
c
41. What was the goal of the Selma March? a. to integrate bus terminal lunch counters b. to get more low-cost housing built c. to get voting rights legislation passed d. to protest "Bull" Connor's tactics
c
44. After the war, the African American civil rights movement a. lost its main leaders. b. focused on suing the military. c. accelerated. d. made few gains until the 1960s.
c
45. President Truman ordered an end to discrimination in a. Arkansas. b. the armed forces. c. labor unions. d. the transportation industry.
c
47. The Montgomery bus boycott introduced a new generation of African American a. bus drivers. b. high school students. c. leaders. d. baseball players.
c
52. The National Urban League helped newcomers to the cities by a. paying for their transportation. b. providing child care. c. helping them find jobs and housing. d. providing job training programs. Name:
c
56. Martin Luther King, Jr., influenced by Gandhi, believed in a. "an eye for an eye." b. violent revolution. c. nonviolent protest. d. fighting back only if struck first.
c
58. For participants, the form of protest known as the sit-in often led to a. free meals. b. debates with CORE activists. c. time spent in jail. d. long bus rides.
c
63. The person who wrote the famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail" was a. Eugene "Bull" Connor. b. James Meredith. c. Martin Luther King, Jr. d. John Lewis.
c
69. To gain passage of his civil rights legislation, Johnson had to a. accept weaker versions of the bills. b. appoint judges who favored civil rights. c. limit civil rights demonstrations. d. overcome Senate filibusters.
c
72. Freedom Summer and the Selma March both called attention to African Americans' lack of a. food. b. employment. c. voting rights. d. strong leaders.
c
75. Under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael, SNCC became a. somewhat more religious. b. more open to white Americans. c. increasingly militant. d. less violent.
c
78. All of the following resulted from the civil rights movement except a. making segregation illegal. b. opening the political process to more African Americans. c. eliminating poverty in the United States. d. giving African Americans a new sense of ethnic pride.
c
35. In his writings, James Baldwin warned Americans that a. African Americans should not be allowed to vote. b. desegregation would only lead to greater problems. c. the Nation of Islam should be banned. d. African Americans were angry and tired of promises.
d
39. How did President Kennedy respond to the riot over James Meredith's admission to the University of Mississippi? a. He ignored the riot. b. He blamed civil rights activists. c. He condemned the university but did not interfere with local officials. d. He sent army troops to restore order and protect Meredith.
d
43. Which of the following was a result of the civil rights movement? a. The federal government rebuilt the nation's ghettos. b. De facto segregation ended in the North. c. Racism in the South came to an end. d. Thousands of African Americans could vote for the first time. Name:
d
49. Mexican American reform groups such as the Community Service Organization sought change through a. migration to California. b. an approach known as "termination." c. the referendum process. d. peaceful protest.
d
53. The Congress of Racial Equality pursued its goals through a. women's church groups. b. congressional committees. c. bold newspaper advertisements. d. peaceful confrontation.
d
55. The SCLC shifted the focus of the civil rights movement from a. the South to the North. b. church leaders to college students. c. political to economic goals. d. the North to the South.
d
60. After Freedom Riders were violently attacked in Alabama, they a. moved the protest to Chicago. b. armed themselves for protection. c. abandoned the protest. d. received federal protection.
d
68. The highlight of the March on Washington was a. President Kennedy's opening remarks. b. the appearance of Vice President Johnson. c. the singing of "We Shall Overcome." d. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech.
d
73. Essayist James Baldwin wrote about the a. white viewpoint on civil rights. b. benefits of a segregated society. c. effectiveness of sit-ins. d. violent consequences of segregation.
d