chapter 23

A pulmonary embolism can be caused by ________ becoming trapped in a pulmonary artery

circulating objects in the blood

Contraction of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles can

close the glottis.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term bronchiolar smooth muscle?

contraction increases airway resistance

The conchae

create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage

cricoid

The thyroid cartilage is attached to the cricoid cartilage by the

cricothyroid ligament.

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will

decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

The laryngeal cartilage not composed of hyaline cartilage is the

epiglottis

During swallowing, the

epiglottis is depressed.

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

epiglottis.

Physical damage to the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa is likely to result in

epistaxis or nosebleeds.

The respiratory mucosa consists of

epithelium and underlying layer of areolar tissue.

Quiet breathing is to ________ as shallow breathing is to ________.

eupnea; costal breathing

What occurs if intrapulmonic pressure is 763 mm Hg?

exhalation

The openings to the nostrils are the

external nares.

Primary bronchi are to ________ as secondary bronchi are to ________.

extrapulmonary bronchi; intrapulmonary bronchi

Which direction does carbon dioxide move during internal respiration?

from the tissue cells into the blood

The number of lobes in the right lung is

greater than the number of lobes in the left lung.

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

hard palate.

Tina is singing a song. At a certain point in the song she forces a large volume of air out of the glottis and at the same time increases the tension on her vocal cords. The sound that she produces is

high pitched and loud.

A patient with a connective tissue disease experiences increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Over a period of time you would expect to observe

increased thickness of the right ventricular wall.

During quiet breathing,

inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the ________ muscle.

internal intercostal

Identify the structure labeled "2."

internal nares

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

internal respiration.

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas is:

inversely proportional to volume of its container.

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?

is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because

it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.

What is the function of the structure labeled "8"?

prevents food from entering the larynx

The ________ branch from the trachea at the carina.

primary bronchi

Which of these descriptions best matches the term external intercostal?

primary muscle of inspiration

The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

The interlobular septa divide the lungs into

pulmonary lobules

During exercise, which of the following contract for active exhalation:

rectus abdominis and internal intercostal muscles

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is

respiratory distress syndrome.

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

right primary

Which of the following is not true about the pharynx?

shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems

Blockage of pulmonary blood flow by a clot or similar obstruction is

COPD.

The nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx constitute the ________ portion of the airway.

Conducting

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent.

Cystic fibrosis

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

simple squamous epithelium.

The glottis is

the opening to the larynx.

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

the volume of the thorax increases.

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

they are equal.

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from

thick secretions that are difficult to transport.

The right lung is to ________ as the left lung is to ________.

three lobes; two lobes

A common site to place a tracheostomy tube is through the ligament that connects the cricoid cartilage to the ________ cartilage.

thyroid

The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage.

thyroid

The unit of measurement for pressure preferred by many respiratory therapists is

torr.

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree is the

trachea.

The placement of a tube directly into the trachea to bypass the larynx is termed a(n)

tracheostomy.

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

upper respiratory tract.

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the

vestibule.

A pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal epithelium that function in sound production are the

vocal cords

________ involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements and calls on accessory muscles to assist with inhalation, while exhalation involves contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and sometimes abdominal muscles too.

Forced breathing

________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle.

Tidal volume

Damage to the type II pneumocytes of the lungs would result in

a loss of surfactant.

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except

acting as a damping chamber when coughing.

An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation is known as

acute epiglottitis

Which of the following muscles might be recruited to increase inspired volume?

all answers are correct

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are

alveoli.

Asthma is

an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.

The most superior portion of the lung is termed the

apex

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage are the ________ cartilages

arytenoid

Which structure vibrates to produce sound?

11

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages. 5

2.5 cm; 15-20

The following is a list of some airways The order in which air passes through

4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.

Roughly ________ terminal bronchioles arise from each tertiary bronchus.

6500

What is one atmosphere of pressure?

760 mm Hg

The larynx contains ________ cartilages.

9

Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneumonia because inflammation

causes fluids to leak into the alveoli.

________ generally causes a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

All Answers are correct

What is the function of the structures labeled "12"?

All answers are correct

________ generally causes a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

All answers are correct

External respiration involves the

movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Tension on the vocal cords is regulated by the

movement of the arytenoid cartilages and contraction of laryngeal muscles.

The auditory tubes open into the

nasopharynx

Identify the structure labeled "7."

oropharynx

The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the

oropharynx

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?

oropharynx

The ________ is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

oropharynx.

The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the

oropharynx.

Determination of blood gases includes testing an arterial sample for

pH, PO2 , and PCO2.

The ________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.

pharynx

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

pharynx.

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces

phonation.

The resulting pain and inflammation when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as

pleurisy.

The term ________ describes the result from an injury that permits air to leak into the intrapleural space

pneumothorax

________ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume.

Inspiratory reserve volume

Tuberculosis results from an infection by the bacterium

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the

Soft palate

If the volume of the lungs increases, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs?

decreases

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal mucosa?

dehumidify the incoming air

The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because

large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing.

The vocal folds are located within the

larynx.

Which respiratory organ(s) has a cardiac notch?

left lung

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following, except the

lips

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

lobes of the lungs.

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the

lower respiratory tract.