Chapter 23 Homework

Label the parts of the digestive system. (Figure 23.3)

(From left to right) ⚪ B: Liver ⚪ F: Esophagus ⚪ G: Stomach ⚪ A: Gallbladder ⚪ C: Pancreas ⚪ E: Small intestine ⚪ D: Large intestine

Label the parts of the knee. (Figure 23.9)

(From left to right) ⚪ D: Synovial sacs ⚪ B: Femur ⚪ A: Fibula ⚪ C: Tibia

Identify the labeled structures. (Figure 23.12)

(From left to right) ⚪ D: Z disc ⚪ A: Actin ⚪ B: Myosin ⚪ C: Sarcomere

Label the bones. (Figure 23.6)

(From ⬆ to ⬇) ⚪ C: Humerus ⚪ A: Ulna ⚪ F: Wrist and hand bones ⚪ B: Femur ⚪ G: Kneecap ⚪ E: Tibia ⚪ D: Fibula

Label the parts of the long bone. (Figure 23.8)

(From ⬆ to ⬇) ⚪ C: Spongy bone ⚪ B: Compact bone ⚪ A: Bone marrow

Label the tendon and parts of the muscle. (Figure 23.11 & 23.12)

(Like a mirrored S) ⚪ A: Muscle ⚪ D: Tendon ⚪ E: Muscle fiber bundle ⚪ B: Muscle fiber ⚪ C: Myofibril

Label the parts of the skin.

(Look at p. 416) ⚪ B: Epidermis ⚪ E: Oil gland ⚪ A: Dermis ⚪ F: Sweat gland ⚪ C: Hypodermis ⚪ D: Hair follicle

Label the figure of skin by dragging the labels to the appropriate targets.

(Look at p. 416) ⚪ E: Epidermis ⚪ A: Oil gland ⚪ D: Sensory structure ⚪ C: Sweat gland ⚪ B: Hair follicle ⚪ F: Dermis ⚪ G: Hypodermis

Order the events of digestion as they occur, starting at the mouth and ending in the intestines.

First 1) Digestion of starches begins. 2) Digestion of protein begins. 3) Digestion of fats begins. 4) Nutrients are absorbed. 5) Water and minerals are absorbed. Last

Vitamin D is beneficial to humans because it is required to absorb calcium from food. It is made by the human body when ultraviolet rays are absorbed through the skin. The tanning industry began promoting the benefits of vitamin D, and soon after, scientific studies examining the role of the vitamin in nonskeletal diseases began to emerge. These scientific studies indicated a correlation, or link, between low vitamin D and multiple nonskeletal diseases. What evidence would scientists need to find to support the hypothesis that low levels of vitamin D cause nonskeletal diseases?

High levels of vitamin D should protect individuals from the diseases.

Match the organs of the digestive system to their functions.

Large intestine ◽ Absorption of water and minerals Pancreas ◽ Secretion of carbohydrate-, fat-, and protein-digesting enzymes Salivary glands ◽ Secretion of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes only Small intestine ◽ Absorption of nutrients Stomach ◽ Production of acid and protein-digesting enzymes

Match each role in maintaining human health to the proper vitamin.

Vitamin A ◽ Production of visual pigments for eyesight Vitamin C ◽ Maintenance of teeth and bones Vitamin E ◽ Protection of lipids in the cell membrane Vitamin K ◽ Efficient wound healing

Match the vitamin to its sources.

Vitamin B12 ◽ Milk, meat, fish, and poultry Vitamin C ◽ Citrus, pineapple, papaya, strawberries Vitamin D ◽ Fish and fortified foods such as milk and soy milk Vitamin E ◽ Nuts, vegetable oils, whole grains, and egg yolks Vitamin K ◽ Avocado, kiwi, and leafy green vegetables

Recall that many newborn infants have low levels of vitamin D in their cord blood, and a low level of vitamin D impacts bone growth. In addition to playing a role in bone development, these small organic molecules called "vitamins" are used for a variety of functions in the body. Therefore, vitamin deficiencies can affect many body systems. An individual with a vitamin deficiency becomes easily fatigued. What is the best explanation for the tiredness experienced by this individual?

Vitamins provide chemical groups required in metabolic reactions.

When we eat, the food passes through the digestive system. We cannot control the movement of food through our digestive tract because the inner walls are made up of

involuntary smooth muscle.

There are several nutrients required for the normal development and maintenance of the human skeletal system. One of these nutrients, vitamin D, is required for the absorption of calcium in the small intestine, and calcium is required to build strength in bones. Another nutrient, vitamin C, plays a role in the production of collagen in connective tissues. Recall that the human knee is a complex joint composed of both flexible and rigid materials. Bones within the knee joint may rub against each other and cause erosion of the bones if there has been damage to which?

synovial sacs and cartilage

What organs are involved in chemically modifying vitamin D into an active form of the vitamin that increases absorption of calcium in the small intestine?

✔ Liver ✔ Kidney

Vitamin D, the "sunshine vitamin," plays an important role in the human body because it enhances the absorption of calcium, a nutrient needed for the normal development and maintenance of bones and teeth. Food, and the nutrients they provide, enter the body through the mouth and travel down the esophagus to the stomach. The small intestine receives the watery mixture of food exiting the stomach and is responsible for most chemical digestion and absorption. A disease that reduces the number of fingerlike folds called villi and microvilli in the small intestine is likely to cause which of the following?

✔ a decrease in the absorption of fats ✔ a decrease in the absorption of calcium and other minerals ✔ an increase in vitamin requirements

A woman taking a multivitamin will most likely exceed the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for which of the following? (Notice that there is color-coded information given for the amounts of nutrients in both men's and women's multivitamins. Recommended daily allowances [RDAs] are also separated by different colors for males and females.) (Infographic)

✔ folic acid ✔ vitamin D

Vertebrates like sharks and rays ________. (Select all that apply.)

✔ lack calcium-rich skeletons ✔ have skeletal structures made of cartilage and connective tissues

Four of the nutrients shown play a role in the normal development of bone. Three of these nutrients—vitamin C, vitamin D, and folic acid—play an indirect role. The other nutrient, calcium, plays a more direct role. Which of the following foods provide nutrients required for the normal development or maintenance of bones? (Infographic)

✔ plain yogurt ✔ orange ✔ sockeye salmon ✔ black-eyed peas

A yellowish-orange pigment in some foods, called carotene, is converted into vitamin A within our bodies. This vitamin is part of the visual pigment required for low-light (night) vision. Which of the following foods provide the nutrients required for the synthesis of visual pigments? (Infographic)

✔ pumpkin pie ✔ raw carrots