Chapter 2.3 - Organic Compounds
macromolecule
"giant molecule;" large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
nitrogenous bases
A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine), and G (guanine) in DNA; U (uracil) replaces T in RNA
polysaccharide
a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides
polymer
a large molecule consisting of many repeating chemical units or molecules linked together.
monomer
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
a nucleotide
a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
an amino acid
an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and the distinguishing R group
functions of nucleic acids
carry genetic information from one generation to the next
organic compound
compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
functions of proteins
control chemical reactions; form bones and muscles; cell transport; fight disease
DNA, RNA
examples of nucleic acids
lipids
fats, oils, and waxes; a fatty substance that does not dissolve in water
function of carbohydrates
main source of short term energy
fatty acids & glycerol
monomers, or building blocks of lipids
nucleotides
monomers, or building blocks of nucleic acids
amino acids
monomers, or building blocks of proteins
20
number of different amino acids found in nature
proteins
polymers of amino acids; large and complex; can be a hormone or enzyme
nucleic acids
polymers of nucleotides; store and transmit genetic information
1:2:1
ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in carbohydrates
monosaccharide
single sugar molecule
carbohydrates
starches and sugars found in foods, which provide your body's main source of energy
function of lipids
storage of long term energy source
organic chemistry
study of all carbon containing molecules