Chapter 23 Respiratory System

Epiglottis

A flap of cartilage tissue that covers the upper region of the larynx that seals off the windpipe and prevents food or other matter from entering the lungs during swallowing.

Glottis

A narrow opening through which incoming air leaves the pharynx the true vocal folds and space between them where the voice tone is generated

Nasal Conchae

A projections on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, that warm, and humidify air so it doesn't burn our lungs.

Trachea Cartilage

Also known as a "Windpipe", a c-shaped incomplete rings cartilage on the posterior side, provides strength and flexibility to the trachea

Larynx

An enlargement in the airway at the top of the trachea and below the pharynx, also known as a "voice box" - "vocal chords" series of large cartilages (epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage) which vibrate back and forth to allow for speech.

Internal Nares

Are located right after the nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx.

External Nares

Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.

What are the Primary Bronchi?

The Right Primary Bronchus and the Left Primary Bronchus, the first branch of trachea going into the right and left of the lungs.

Pharynx

The back of the throat that connects the nasal and oral cavities with the larynx and esophagus, a passageway for air and food. Funnel-shaped tube extending from internal nares to the esophagus (posteriorly) and larynx (anteriorly)

Laryngopharynx

The pharynx between the hyoid bone and entrance to the esophagus, also assist in the swallowing or breathing.

What are the three divisions of pharynx?

1) Nasopharynx 2) Oropharynx 3) Laryngopharynx

What are the two types of Respiratory Tract?

1) The Conducting Portion 2) The Respiratory Portion

What are the two types of organization of the Respiratory System?

1) The Upper Respiratory System (consist: nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx) 2) The Lower Respiratory system (consist: larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli)

What are the five functions of the Respiratory System?

1) gas exchange 2) moves air to and from lungs 3) protection 4) produces sounds 5) olfactory sensations

Oropharynx

Between soft palate and the base of the tongue

Thyroid Cartilage

Butterfly wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam's apple.

What does the Respiratory Tract do?

Carry air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs by: 1) ventillation 2) distribution 3) diffusion 4) perfusion

Nasopharynx

Connected to nasal cavity by internal nares and extends to the soft palate.

Thyroid Gland

Large endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in front of the neck, that secretes hormones which regulate growth and metabolism. Secretes: 1) Triiodothyronine (T3), 2) Thyroxine (T4), 3) Calcitonin

Secondary Bronchi

Smaller bronchial branches that result from division of the primary bronchi.

Tertiary Bronchi

Smallest bronchial branches that result from division of the secondary bronchi.

Primary Bronchi

The first branch of bronchi tube that originate from the trachea tube that divide into a right and left.

Cricoid Cartilage

The ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx, connecting the larynx and trachea.

What is each of the layers of the projections on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity called?

The three layers of the nasal cavity projections from top to bottom are: 1) Superior Nasal Conchae 2) Middle Nasal Conchae 3) Inferior Nasal Conchae

How many lobe does each of the lungs have?

There is a left and a right side to the lungs. The right have three lobes and the left have two lobes. Right Lobes: 1) Right Superior Lobe 2) Right Middle Lobe 3) Right Inferior Lobe Left Lobes: 1) Left Superior Lobes 2) Left Inferior Lobes Each of these lobes need it own bronchi tube.

Alveoli

Tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood, the very small grape-like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole