Chapter 24 Notes
Unemployed Americans
25 percent of all Americans were unemployed at the height of the depression.
Roosevelt's Theme
A New Deal
A.A.A.
Agricultural Adjustment Act. It was to provide aid the farmers by cutting back on farm production and raising farm prices. They burned some crops and 6 million pigs were destroyed.
Dictator
As a dictator hitler established in Germany the 3rd reich.
C.C.C.
Civilian Conservation Corps which was the first new deal agency to aid the unemployed. It recruited men between the ages of 18 to 25 to work in the countryside. They were given room and board and they were paid 30 dollars a month.
Tennessee Valley
Conditions in the valley were very bad. The Tennessee river caused constant flooding which washed away the topsoil and destroyed farms. More than half of the families were on public relief. Only on two of 200 homes had electricity.
1936 Presidential Election
FDR Won.
Frances Perkins
First female cabinet member in US history. She was the Secretary of Labor.
F.D.I.C.
Insured bank deposits up to 5,000$.
JAPAN 1ST ATTACKED
Manchuria
BLACK SHIRTS
Mussolini and his followers were called blackshirts because of the color of their uniform.
BENITO MUSSOLINI
New Leader of Italy
ITALY'S 1ST ATTACK
On Ehtopia
1932 Presidential Election
Roosevelt Won
Adolf Hitler
Rose to power in Germany by blaming Communists, intellectuals, and especially the jews for all of Germany's problems since WWI.
C.W.A.
Stands for Civil Work Administration headed by Harry Hopkins. they built public projects such as 255,000 miles of roads, laid 11 million feet of sewer pipe, and built some 400 airports.
T.V.A.
Tennessee Valley Authority it was given the power to buy, build, and operate in dams in the valley. It built 16 new dams and provided flood control and cheap electricity to 40,000 users. The T.V.A. also replanted forests and restored the soil. It was one of the most successful of the new deal agencies.
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The Great Depression affected AA's by: 1. They were the last to be hired, and the first to be fired 2. They received lower wages than white workers 3. They faced segregation in Government Works Programs
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The Great Depression had a great effect on many children by: 1. They dropped out of school so they could help buy food and pay bills 2. Others ran away from home and tried to survive on their own
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The Great Depression had a great effect on many families by: 1. Not enough money to provide the essentials (food & water and shelter) 2. Divorce rate went up 3. Marriage and birth rates went down
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The Great Depression had a great effect on many farmers by: 1. As prices bottomed out, many farmers could not sell their crops at all, because it cost more to grow and ship the crops than people would pay for them 2. With no money coming in, farmers could not repay their home and land loans, so the banks would foreclose on their farms
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The Great Depression had a great effect on many women by: 1. Many worked outside their homes, working long hours at low pay, unpleasant jobs 2. Many struggled to feed their families with little money for groceries
Hitler's Political Party
The National Socialist Party or Nazi's.
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act was one of the most important new laws passed during the "Second New Deal." It had three parts: 1. Set up pension for workers who retired at 65 and older 2. Gave the unemployed short term cash benefits while they looked for work 3. Offered payments to women with dependent children, as well as to people with disabilities
October 29, 1929
This was known as Black Tuesday. It was the worst day in the history of the Wall Street. The stock market collapsed. Investors lost about 30 billion dollars which was equal to the total wages of all Americans that year.
Buy "On Margain"
To buy "on margin" meant that a person would purchase stocks uncredited with a loan from their broker. Later they would sell the stocks at a higher price, pay back the loan, and keep the profit. Buying on margin was very tempting because it offered the prospect of large profits for a small cash investment. It was only profitable though if the stocks rose.
Japan Wanted
To seize New territories and take control of their natural resources.
DICTATOR OF ITALY
Victor Emmanuel III gave him "temporary" dictatorial powes
KRISTALLNACHT
Was known as "The night of broken glass" the Nazi's went on a rampage and destroyed many Jewish businesses and Synagogues. 91 jews were killed and 100 more were seriously injured. Some 7,500 Jewish businesses were demolished and 177 Synagogues were burned or destroyed.
HIROHITO
Was the emperor of Japan
Huey Long - Matching
Was the governor of Louisiana and a critic of the new deal. His program was called "Share our wealth". He believed that the government should provide every needy family with 2,500$ a year towards a home or car. To play for this plan Long wanted a heavy tax on the wealthy. He was assassinated in 1935.
Bonus Army
Were WW1 veterans who were supposed to be paid a bonus in 1945. In 1932 15,000 to 20,000 of them marched to Washington D.C., and demanded that congress pay them now. Congress refused. Many families stayed in shacks along the Potomac River called "Hoovervilles". Hoover ordered the police and army to remove the protestors. The police attacked them with machine guns, teargas, and tanks. They burned the veteran shacks down. One hundred veterans were injured, and one baby died.
Breadline and Soup Kitchens
Were set up to try and help the poor and unemployed.
W.P.A.
Works Progress Administration. It put many Americans into work building hospitals, parks, roads, and schools. Its workers also cared for small children, serveyed historical sites, and offered other services.
