Chapter 25

Compare farmers of the agricultural revolution to the working class in the industrial revolution.

Both endured long working hours. Both suffered job losses due to progress. Both lived in climates of social restructuring

Identify the first sector that underwent industrialization

Britain

How did Britain keep industrial secrets from the U.S?

Britain blockades the U.S. during the war of 1812 and forbids inventors from leaving the country

List the early results of the Industrial Revolution.

Growth of urbanization, increased forms of transportation, rise in population, more factories, and new inventions

List positive aspects of industrialization.

Higher wages, increased production of goods, new inventions, affordable luxuries.

How did the new middle class change Britain's society during the Industrial Revolution?

Some of the middle class was as wealthy or wealthier than the upper class.

Identify how the policy of laissez-faire economics influenced industrialists.

With ideas of a free-market economy governed by natural laws not government regulations

List legislative reforms in the 1800's.

Women's Rights Temperance, Education, and Treatment of the insane

List the long-term effects of Marx's The Communist Manifesto.

Working classes worldwide demanded a more equal distribution of wealth (economic equality). It also inspired revolutionaries such as Russia's Lenin, China's Mao Zedong, and Cuba's Fidel Castro.

Define unions.

A group of workers who joined together in voluntary labor associations

Define the Industrial Revolution

A period where the productions of goods increases so rapidly that your life will change

The Wealth of Nations, which defended the free market system of capitalism was written by

Adam Smith

Define William Wilberforce and what he fought for.

An agent of social reform who leads fight (in England) to abolish slave trade and slavery in British Empire

Identify and describe how Britain's economy affected its industrialization process.

Britain had more money which meant they could afford more materials and work on their own infrastructure (Banks, Inventions, Overseas trade)

Identity the government policy that is associated with Karl Marx.

Economic Determinism

Identify the key idea in a free-market system.

Economic liberty guaranteed economic progress; government need not interfere in the economy.

How was the world affected by industrialization?

It became the driving force behind Imperialism (A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.)

List results of the Industrial Revolution on cities.

It caused more cities to pop up near areas rich with resources, and populations in cities go up leading to overcrowding and bad living conditions. Cities also began having more factories

What benefits did the railroads have on Britain during the Industrial Revolution?

It made the transportation of resources easier and faster

Identify the three factors of production required for industrialization

Land, Labor, and Capital (Money)

In what way were wealthy middle class people viewed by landowners and aristocrats?

Landowners and aristocrats looked down on the wealthy middle class because they felt that the middle class did not deserve the money they had like the landowners did since the landowners were born into power and money

List improvements that occurred because of the Industrial Revolution.

More affordable living conditions, more jobs, economies boom, and prices of things decrease

Identify the reasons how the Agricultural Revolution lead to the Industrial Revolution.

More food meant you could support more people and more people meant more workers

During the industrial revolution, the crop rotation system was developed. Crop rotation increased crop yields by

Planting things that put nutrients pack in the soil to prevent lack of nutrients and allow for crops to be grown on the same plot of land multiple times

Compare and contrast socialism and communism.

Socialism and communism are alike in that both are systems of production for use based on public ownership of the means of production and centralized planning. Socialism grows directly out of capitalism; it is the first form of the new society. Communism is a further development or "higher stage" of socialism. Socialism does have private ownership whereas in communism the government controls everything

Who argued that the government should be actively plan the economy?

Socialists

Identify the results of the War of 1812.

The British blockade forced it to develops it's own industries

Identify the main cause of the urbanization process that occurred in 19th century Britain and Western Europe.

The Enclosure movement, moved everyone to the cities closer to factories

What factors promoted industrialization in the U.S?

The U.S. had the same resources as Great Britain. The U.S. had a increase in population and immigration as well as more slaves being sent there. There were more new inventions being made there and some inventors would flee from Britain to the U.S. and spread their ideas

Define laissez-faire economic policy.

The economic policy of letting owners of industry and businesses set working conditions without interference from government. (Hands off)

List the results of the agricultural revolution

The enclosure movement, increase in food supply, urbanization due to small families leaving their farms and moving to the cities

What did utilitarianism promote in government policy?

The greatest happiness for the greatest number

List impacts that technology had on industry.

The production of goods was increased and could be done faster and more efficiently

List reasons that contributed to a shorter life span of city dwellers compared to people that lived in the country.

There were no building codes, sanitary codes, development plans, or drains. Pollution was everywhere, disease spread, and the population was growing too rapidly to keep up with these things

Identify how the Napoleonic wars and French Revolution impacted continental Europe's industrialization.

Trade was halted in many parts of Europe. Communications between countries were interrupted. Inflation was on the rise in some areas of Europe disrupting the economy.