HBCTA

example of emotional arousal hindering good health practices:

-fear and anxiety about going to the dentist causing avoidance of dental visits and compromised dental health

expectancy- construct 3 questions include:

1) is the outcome positive or negative? 2) how important is that for you?

4 ways to improve self efficacy

1) mastery experience 2) social modeling 3) improving physical and emotional states 4) verbal persuasion

SCT behaviorism theory also doesn't account for: (3 aspects)

1) motivation for initiating the behavior 2) learning through observation 3) repeating behaviors that are initially punishing

the social cognitive theory emphasizes the interrelation between:

1) personal factors 2) environmental factors 3) behaviors

social cognitive theory is based on the following theoretical constructs: (8)

1) self efficacy 2) expectations 3) expectancies 4) observational learning (modeling) 5) emotional arousal 6) behavioral capability 7) reinforcement 8) locus of control

the social cognitive theory (SCT) has its roots in _________ ________'s research in observation learning

Albert Bandura

self efficacy plays a role in the which two models?

Health Belief Model Transtheoretical Model

learning by watching others and copying their behavior

Observational Learning (Modeling) SCT construct 4

Social Cognitive Theory is also known as ____________ ____________ Theory

Social Learning

for example,

advertisers using celebrities to sell their products

SCT: Bandura examined the development of __________ behaviors in children

aggressive

SCT: before Bandura, the prevailing theory for _________ __________ was the behaviorism framework

behavior acquisition

to perform a certain behavior, an individual must have knowledge of the behavior and the skills to perform it

behavioral capability SCT construct #6

SCT: a pretty simplistic view of human behavior is known as

behaviorism

SCT: ____________ (operant learning theory): emphasizes the behavior resulting from environmental stimuli, consequences, rewards and punishments

behaviorism

SCT: according to _________, the results of our behaviors is key

behaviorism

example of observational learning (modeling):

children learning healthy exercise habits from their parents

__________ __________ can lead to positive health behaviors when action is taken

emotional arousal

in certain situations people become fearful and when this happens, their behavior becomes defensive in an effort to reduce the fear

emotional arousal SCT construct #5

SCT: researchers and theorists began to recognize which two factors behind behavior acquisition?

environmental and personal

a woman puts off going to the doctor because she thinks that she will receive bad news about her health

example of expectation influencing avoidance of behavior

_____________ are the values we place on expected outcomes

expectancies construct 3

example of _____________: an overweight man engages in increased physical exercise because he expects to lose weight that way

expectations

Social Cognitive Theory -behavior is influenced by our ______________, which are the anticipated outcome (results) of the given behavior

expectations construct 2

___________ outcomes can also influence avoidance of behavior

expected

SCT: Bandura conducted the _______ ________ ________ experiments

famous Bobo doll experiments

emotional arousal can (promote/hinder) good health practices

hinder

SCT: example of experiencing positive consequences -->

if the person tries to stop smoking and experiences positive consequences, he/she is more likely to continue smoking

SCT: example of experiencing negative consequences -->

if, let's say someone tries to stop smoking and experiences negative consequences, you are not likely to continue smoking

should be well rested when trying new behavior (aside: sleep before test)

improving physical and emotional states (3)

in the behavioral capability construct of social cognitive theory, you have to

know what it is you are doing and how to do it

performance mastery is the strongest influence of self efficacy beliefs

mastery experience (1)

a certain behavior is more likely to occur when the expectancy ____________ a positive result and ___________ a negative result

maximizes; minimizes

SCT: environmental factors included

modeling and vicarious learning

in addition to learning basic life skills (i.e. brushing teeth) through _________, this form of learning can also influence the development of health practices

observation

SCT: Bandura's early research examined the influence of _________ and __________ on behavior acquisition

observation and modeling

expectations are formed by many factors, including ______ ____________ and ______________ of others

past experiences and observation

SCT in behaviorism theory, most times we have __________ and __________ consequences for our behaviors. how do you weigh them?

positive and negative

observational learning is most useful when the model is considered to be a __________ person, is well respected, or is someone to whom the observer can relate

powerful

this dynamic interrelation is known as

reciprocal determinism

________ _________ is probably the single most important determinant of behavior

self efficacy

in which construct do people only do what they think they can do

self efficacy

social cognitive theory -a person's own estimation of his/her personal ability to do something

self efficacy construct 1

method used to reach DESIRED OUTCOME Self Regulation =

self efficacy + expectations + goal setting + plan

all together

self regulation = self efficacy + expectations + goal setting + plan --> desired outcome

SCT: (intra)personal factors included: 5 factors

self-efficacy self-reward self-regulation self-directedness self-reflection

showing that people like you can do it

social modeling (2)

SCT: moving beyond behaviorism's emphasis on behavior resulting from...

the consequences of one's actions

example of behavioral capability

to eat healthier by reducing calories, trans fats, etc., you have to know how to find and read nutrient facts on grocery products

telling a person they can do it -increases probabilities of a first attempt

verbal persuasion (4)

SCT: in this research people learn by __________ and __________ others

watching and copying