HBCTA
example of emotional arousal hindering good health practices:
-fear and anxiety about going to the dentist causing avoidance of dental visits and compromised dental health
expectancy- construct 3 questions include:
1) is the outcome positive or negative? 2) how important is that for you?
4 ways to improve self efficacy
1) mastery experience 2) social modeling 3) improving physical and emotional states 4) verbal persuasion
SCT behaviorism theory also doesn't account for: (3 aspects)
1) motivation for initiating the behavior 2) learning through observation 3) repeating behaviors that are initially punishing
the social cognitive theory emphasizes the interrelation between:
1) personal factors 2) environmental factors 3) behaviors
social cognitive theory is based on the following theoretical constructs: (8)
1) self efficacy 2) expectations 3) expectancies 4) observational learning (modeling) 5) emotional arousal 6) behavioral capability 7) reinforcement 8) locus of control
the social cognitive theory (SCT) has its roots in _________ ________'s research in observation learning
Albert Bandura
self efficacy plays a role in the which two models?
Health Belief Model Transtheoretical Model
learning by watching others and copying their behavior
Observational Learning (Modeling) SCT construct 4
Social Cognitive Theory is also known as ____________ ____________ Theory
Social Learning
for example,
advertisers using celebrities to sell their products
SCT: Bandura examined the development of __________ behaviors in children
aggressive
SCT: before Bandura, the prevailing theory for _________ __________ was the behaviorism framework
behavior acquisition
to perform a certain behavior, an individual must have knowledge of the behavior and the skills to perform it
behavioral capability SCT construct #6
SCT: a pretty simplistic view of human behavior is known as
behaviorism
SCT: ____________ (operant learning theory): emphasizes the behavior resulting from environmental stimuli, consequences, rewards and punishments
behaviorism
SCT: according to _________, the results of our behaviors is key
behaviorism
example of observational learning (modeling):
children learning healthy exercise habits from their parents
__________ __________ can lead to positive health behaviors when action is taken
emotional arousal
in certain situations people become fearful and when this happens, their behavior becomes defensive in an effort to reduce the fear
emotional arousal SCT construct #5
SCT: researchers and theorists began to recognize which two factors behind behavior acquisition?
environmental and personal
a woman puts off going to the doctor because she thinks that she will receive bad news about her health
example of expectation influencing avoidance of behavior
_____________ are the values we place on expected outcomes
expectancies construct 3
example of _____________: an overweight man engages in increased physical exercise because he expects to lose weight that way
expectations
Social Cognitive Theory -behavior is influenced by our ______________, which are the anticipated outcome (results) of the given behavior
expectations construct 2
___________ outcomes can also influence avoidance of behavior
expected
SCT: Bandura conducted the _______ ________ ________ experiments
famous Bobo doll experiments
emotional arousal can (promote/hinder) good health practices
hinder
SCT: example of experiencing positive consequences -->
if the person tries to stop smoking and experiences positive consequences, he/she is more likely to continue smoking
SCT: example of experiencing negative consequences -->
if, let's say someone tries to stop smoking and experiences negative consequences, you are not likely to continue smoking
should be well rested when trying new behavior (aside: sleep before test)
improving physical and emotional states (3)
in the behavioral capability construct of social cognitive theory, you have to
know what it is you are doing and how to do it
performance mastery is the strongest influence of self efficacy beliefs
mastery experience (1)
a certain behavior is more likely to occur when the expectancy ____________ a positive result and ___________ a negative result
maximizes; minimizes
SCT: environmental factors included
modeling and vicarious learning
in addition to learning basic life skills (i.e. brushing teeth) through _________, this form of learning can also influence the development of health practices
observation
SCT: Bandura's early research examined the influence of _________ and __________ on behavior acquisition
observation and modeling
expectations are formed by many factors, including ______ ____________ and ______________ of others
past experiences and observation
SCT in behaviorism theory, most times we have __________ and __________ consequences for our behaviors. how do you weigh them?
positive and negative
observational learning is most useful when the model is considered to be a __________ person, is well respected, or is someone to whom the observer can relate
powerful
this dynamic interrelation is known as
reciprocal determinism
________ _________ is probably the single most important determinant of behavior
self efficacy
in which construct do people only do what they think they can do
self efficacy
social cognitive theory -a person's own estimation of his/her personal ability to do something
self efficacy construct 1
method used to reach DESIRED OUTCOME Self Regulation =
self efficacy + expectations + goal setting + plan
all together
self regulation = self efficacy + expectations + goal setting + plan --> desired outcome
SCT: (intra)personal factors included: 5 factors
self-efficacy self-reward self-regulation self-directedness self-reflection
showing that people like you can do it
social modeling (2)
SCT: moving beyond behaviorism's emphasis on behavior resulting from...
the consequences of one's actions
example of behavioral capability
to eat healthier by reducing calories, trans fats, etc., you have to know how to find and read nutrient facts on grocery products
telling a person they can do it -increases probabilities of a first attempt
verbal persuasion (4)
SCT: in this research people learn by __________ and __________ others
watching and copying