Chapter 25 - Fluid and Electrolytes
What is the most abundant electrolyte in teeth and bones?
Calcium
Metabolic acids, which are derived from metabolic wastes, are more commonly referred to as ___ acids
Fixed
Phosphate ions are stored as Ca3 (PO4)2 in the extracellular matrix of which of the following options? Teeth Bones Ligaments Dermis
Teeth and bones
A chemical buffering system is composed of _____
Weak acid and weak base
The normal level of K+ in the extra cellular fluid is in the range of
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
When the body's chemical buffering systems can no longer compensate for a change in pH, a(n) ___ disturbance has occurred.
Acid-base
Elevated levels of PCo2 result in respiratory
Acidosis
A hormone that increases K+ secretion into the urine
Aldosterone
The correction by the respiratory and urinary systems to an acid-base disturbance is called
Compensation
___ water loss is controlled by hormones acting on the kidneys and is dependent on the hydration status of the organism
Facultative
In form of metabolic acidosis, a build up of fixed acids causes the concentration of bicarbonate ions to do what?
Fall
What two reactants form carbonic acid?
H2O and CO2
Metabolic alkalosis is caused by abnormally high levels of ___ ions
HCO3-
an anion involved in maintaining acid/base balance
HCO3-
If an acid is added to a solution, the concentration of H+ will___, and the pH will___
Increase, decrease
Only the ___ form of calcium is physiologically active
Ionized
Which of the following are considered fixed acids? Ketoacid Lactic acid Carbonic acid Carbon dioxide
Ketoacid and lactic acid
Place the following events in order Blood pH rises Kidneys reabsorb HCO3- Lactic acid levels rise Blood pH drops
Lactic acid levels rise Blood pH drops Kidneys reabsorb HCO3- Blood pH rises
The Na+ concentration gradient across the cell membrane is maintained by
Na+/K+ pumps
The most abundant anion in the ICF is
Phosphate
True or false: potassium imbalances are the most lethal of the electrolyte imbalances
True
A chemical buffering system is composed of which of the following? Weak base Water Strong base Strong acid Weak acid
Weak base and weak acid
Which of the following is not an electrolyte? H3PO4 NaCl2 CaCl2 Albumin
albumin
electrolyte
any substance that dissociates in solution to form cations and anions
two categories in which solutes can be divided
electrolytes and nonelectrolytes