Chapter 25 - Fluid and Electrolytes

What is the most abundant electrolyte in teeth and bones?

Calcium

Metabolic acids, which are derived from metabolic wastes, are more commonly referred to as ___ acids

Fixed

Phosphate ions are stored as Ca3 (PO4)2 in the extracellular matrix of which of the following options? Teeth Bones Ligaments Dermis

Teeth and bones

A chemical buffering system is composed of _____

Weak acid and weak base

The normal level of K+ in the extra cellular fluid is in the range of

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

When the body's chemical buffering systems can no longer compensate for a change in pH, a(n) ___ disturbance has occurred.

Acid-base

Elevated levels of PCo2 result in respiratory

Acidosis

A hormone that increases K+ secretion into the urine

Aldosterone

The correction by the respiratory and urinary systems to an acid-base disturbance is called

Compensation

___ water loss is controlled by hormones acting on the kidneys and is dependent on the hydration status of the organism

Facultative

In form of metabolic acidosis, a build up of fixed acids causes the concentration of bicarbonate ions to do what?

Fall

What two reactants form carbonic acid?

H2O and CO2

Metabolic alkalosis is caused by abnormally high levels of ___ ions

HCO3-

an anion involved in maintaining acid/base balance

HCO3-

If an acid is added to a solution, the concentration of H+ will___, and the pH will___

Increase, decrease

Only the ___ form of calcium is physiologically active

Ionized

Which of the following are considered fixed acids? Ketoacid Lactic acid Carbonic acid Carbon dioxide

Ketoacid and lactic acid

Place the following events in order Blood pH rises Kidneys reabsorb HCO3- Lactic acid levels rise Blood pH drops

Lactic acid levels rise Blood pH drops Kidneys reabsorb HCO3- Blood pH rises

The Na+ concentration gradient across the cell membrane is maintained by

Na+/K+ pumps

The most abundant anion in the ICF is

Phosphate

True or false: potassium imbalances are the most lethal of the electrolyte imbalances

True

A chemical buffering system is composed of which of the following? Weak base Water Strong base Strong acid Weak acid

Weak base and weak acid

Which of the following is not an electrolyte? H3PO4 NaCl2 CaCl2 Albumin

albumin

electrolyte

any substance that dissociates in solution to form cations and anions

two categories in which solutes can be divided

electrolytes and nonelectrolytes