Chapter 25 Questions EMT
A sudden loss of __________ of blood in a 7 year old child is considered serious
500 cc
Your patient is a 9 year old male who fell off his skateboard and has numerous injuries to both of his legs. You should be especially careful when evaluating pediatric patients for shock because children
May display few signs until a large percentage of blood volume is lost
EMTs often encounter patients who are in shock. Which of the following types of shock is rarely seen in the field by the EMT
Neurogenic shock
Your patient was involved in an automobile crash, and it took all night to find her vehicle. She is unable to move her lower extremities, and you suspect that she is in shock. Shock caused by the failure of the nervous system to control the diameter of blood vessels is called
Neurogenic shock
You have decided that the most appropriate method of bleeding control for your patient is to apply a tourniquet. Once a tourniquet is in place, it must
Not be removed or loosened unless ordered by medical direction
Rough edged amputations, usually produced by crushing or tearing injuries:
Often bleed heavily
A 28 year old male patient fell off the roof of a two story house and landed on a pile of firewood. You suspect that he has sustained an injury that is causing internal bleeding. Internal bleeding may be signaled by all of the following
Painful, swollen, or deformed extremities Signs and symptoms of shock Bright red blood in the stool
Your 46 year old male patient is in shock, yet his body is still able to maintain perfusion to his vital organs, and his systolic BP is still 120 mmHg. This is often referred to as
Compensated shock
Your patient with severe internal bleeding is struggling to deal with blood loss. When the body has lost the battle to maintain perfusion to the organ systems and the systolic BP begins to drop, the patient is experiencing
Decompensated shock
Early signs of shock that are actually the body's compensating mechanisms include all of the following except
Decreased capillary refill time in children
A 39 year old female, who was dressing the mannequins in a clothing store display, fell through the store window and has sustained a large cut. Blood is flowing from her forehead. What method of bleeding control should you use
Direct pressure with a dressing and bandage should work
When is it inappropriate to use elevation to assist in bleeding control
If you suspect musculoskeletal injuries
A sudden loss of __________ of blood in a 33 year old adult is considered serious
1,000 cc
A sudden loss of __________ of blood in a 1 year old infant is considered serious
150 cc
Which of the following is not an example of a penetrating trauma
A blast injury
Which of the following is an example of a penetrating trauma
A gunshot wound A knife wound An ice pick wound
A 28 year old male patient fell off the roof of a two story house and landed on a pile of firewood. You suspect that he has sustained an injury that is causing internal bleeding. Internal bleeding may be signaled by all of the following except
A laceration to the forearm
The patient who has sustained considerable blood loss after slicing her hand has a drop in their systolic blood pressure. This is
A late sign of shock
You are treating a 29 year old female factory worker who was involved in an accident in which a machine has amputated her right forearm. Bleeding from a clean edged amputation is usually cared for initially with
A pressure dressing
Your 20 year old female patient fell off her mountain bike and has a head injury. If you note bleeding or leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the patient's ears or nose, you should
Allow the drainage to flow freely
Four signs of shock in their typical order appearance:
Altered mental status Pale, cool, clammy skin Nausea and vomiting Vital sign changes
You suspect that your patient may be going into shock. Shock may develop as a result of all of the following except
An injury to the head
You are treating a 59 year old female patient who called the ambulance because her nose has been bleeding for quite a while. To stop or control a nosebleed, try each of the following except
Applying cold packs to the bridge of the nose and face
Finding arterial bleeding quickly is very important in assessing a patient. Which statement about arterial bleeding is correct
Arterial bleeding is often rapid and profuse
The pulse of a patient who has sustained considerable blood loss after slicing her hand will likey
Be irregular
You are treating a 45 year old female patient who has sustained considerable blood loss after slicing her hand while preparing food. She states that she feels nauseated. What is causing this symptom of feeling nauseated
Blood is diverted from the digestive system
The leading cause of internal injuries and bleeding is
Blunt trauma
After interviewing a 52 year old male patient, you suspect that he may have internal bleeding. Signs of internal bleeding include all of the following except
Bradycardia and a flushed face
When a patient cuts a blood vessel, the body attempts to protect the patient even before the bandage is applied. The body's natural responses to bleeding are constriction of the injured blood vessel and
Clotting
Your 35 year old male patient has severe bleeding from a large laceration on his right forearm. You tried direct pressure, and it did not work. A blood pressure cuff
Can be used as a temporary tourniquet if it is inflated to 150mmHg
Your 22 year old male patient has a large area of road rash from sliding along the highway when he laid down his motorcycle. Bleeding described as oozing is usually a result of __________ bleeding
Capillary
After controlling bleeding from an extremity using a bandaged pressure dressing, be sure to
Check the distal pulse
You are treating a 58 year old male who has had a nosebleed for the last hour. The medical term for a nosebleed is
Epistaxis
When you suspect that a patient is in shock, additional signs may include any of the following except
Flushed, warm skin
You are treating a 59 year old female patient who called the ambulance because her nose has been bleeding for quite a while. To stop or control a nosebleed, try each of the following
Having the patient sit down and lean forward Applying direct pressure to the fleshy portion around the nostrils Keeping the patient calm and quiet
You are treating a 58 year old male whose throat was slashed by an attacker standing behind him during a stretcher hold up. When a large bleeding vein in the neck sucks in an air bubble, or embolism, this can cause
Heart stoppage
When attempting to control a deep laceration across the entire right buttock of a 22 year old ski racer, you note that the cut goes down to the brown and will not stop bleeding. The best treatment would be to utilize __________ while beginning to transport the patient by MEDEVAC to the regional trauma center
Hemostatic gauze into the wound
Because of internal bleeding, the patient is developing inadequate tissue perfusion. This condition is referred to as
Hypoperfusion
The type of shock that is most commonly seen by EMTs is
Hypovolemic
Early signs of shock that are actually the body's compensating mechanisms include all of the following
Increased heart rate Increased respirations Pale, cool skin
You are treating a 22 year old male who has a deep laceration that is continuing to bleed. Use of direct pressure may not be effective if the wound
Involved a profusely bleeding artery
The patient has already bled through a small pile of gauze pads. You will be applying some additional sterile pads to the injury. The initial layer of dressing should not be removed from a bleeding wound because it
Is a necessary part of a clot formation
Why is administration of supplemental oxygen an important treatment for the trauma patient
It improves oxygenation of the tissues
You are going to use an air splint to manage the bleeding on the lower leg of a 22 year old male patient. Which of the following is true about the use of an air splint
It is effective for controlling venous and capillary bleeding
Cells and tissues of the brain, spinal cord, and __________ are the most sensitive to inadequate perfusion
Kidneys
Which of the following is not a guideline for supplementing bleeding control with cold application
Poor ice chips directly into the open skin
The most common mechanism of shock for a heart attack patient is
Pump failure
You suspect that your patient may be going into shock. Shock may develop as a result of all of the following
Pump failure Lost blood volume Dilated blood vessels
The blood has several functions. Carrying substances such as hormones, salt, and enzymes that control the body's function is referred to as
Regulation
Elevation is used to assist in bleeding control for all of the following reasons
Slows bleeding Raises the limb above the heart Helps to reduce blood pressure in the limb
Your 26 year old male patient was stabbed multiple times in a bar fight. Police are on the scene, and it is now safe for you to begin your assessment and treatment. The use of __________ is essential whenever bleeding is discovered or simply anticipated
Standard precautions
When you suspect that a patient is in shock, additional signs may include any of the following
Thirst Dilated pupils Cyanosis around the lips and nail beds
You are treating a 28 year old female who sustained several deep lacerations when she fell off her scooter and was thrown into a guardrail. The most common and effective way to control severe external extremity bleeding is by
Tourniquet
Blood that has been depleted of oxygen and loaded with carbon dioxide and other wastes empties into the __________, which carry it back to the heart
Veins
Your 38 year old female patient has sustained an injury to her right lower leg. There is steady flow of dark red or maroon blood, which is most likely a result of __________ bleeding
Venous
The major methods that are used to control external extremity bleeding include all of the following except
Vessel clamps
After interviewing a 52 year old male patient, you suspect that he may have internal bleeding. Signs of internal bleeding include all of the following
Vomiting a coffee ground like substance Dark, tarry stools A tender, rigid, or distended abdomen
You are treating a 19 year old female who experienced a series of lacerations. Your assessment of external bleeding includes all of the following except
Waiting for signs and symptoms of shock to appear before beginning treatment
Which of the following is a guideline for supplementing bleeding control with cold application
Wrap the ice pack in a cloth or towel Do not leave the cold pack in place for more than 20 minutes Place the amputated part into a sterile cool container