Chapter 25 Questions EMT

A sudden loss of __________ of blood in a 7 year old child is considered serious

500 cc

Your patient is a 9 year old male who fell off his skateboard and has numerous injuries to both of his legs. You should be especially careful when evaluating pediatric patients for shock because children

May display few signs until a large percentage of blood volume is lost

EMTs often encounter patients who are in shock. Which of the following types of shock is rarely seen in the field by the EMT

Neurogenic shock

Your patient was involved in an automobile crash, and it took all night to find her vehicle. She is unable to move her lower extremities, and you suspect that she is in shock. Shock caused by the failure of the nervous system to control the diameter of blood vessels is called

Neurogenic shock

You have decided that the most appropriate method of bleeding control for your patient is to apply a tourniquet. Once a tourniquet is in place, it must

Not be removed or loosened unless ordered by medical direction

Rough edged amputations, usually produced by crushing or tearing injuries:

Often bleed heavily

A 28 year old male patient fell off the roof of a two story house and landed on a pile of firewood. You suspect that he has sustained an injury that is causing internal bleeding. Internal bleeding may be signaled by all of the following

Painful, swollen, or deformed extremities Signs and symptoms of shock Bright red blood in the stool

Your 46 year old male patient is in shock, yet his body is still able to maintain perfusion to his vital organs, and his systolic BP is still 120 mmHg. This is often referred to as

Compensated shock

Your patient with severe internal bleeding is struggling to deal with blood loss. When the body has lost the battle to maintain perfusion to the organ systems and the systolic BP begins to drop, the patient is experiencing

Decompensated shock

Early signs of shock that are actually the body's compensating mechanisms include all of the following except

Decreased capillary refill time in children

A 39 year old female, who was dressing the mannequins in a clothing store display, fell through the store window and has sustained a large cut. Blood is flowing from her forehead. What method of bleeding control should you use

Direct pressure with a dressing and bandage should work

When is it inappropriate to use elevation to assist in bleeding control

If you suspect musculoskeletal injuries

A sudden loss of __________ of blood in a 33 year old adult is considered serious

1,000 cc

A sudden loss of __________ of blood in a 1 year old infant is considered serious

150 cc

Which of the following is not an example of a penetrating trauma

A blast injury

Which of the following is an example of a penetrating trauma

A gunshot wound A knife wound An ice pick wound

A 28 year old male patient fell off the roof of a two story house and landed on a pile of firewood. You suspect that he has sustained an injury that is causing internal bleeding. Internal bleeding may be signaled by all of the following except

A laceration to the forearm

The patient who has sustained considerable blood loss after slicing her hand has a drop in their systolic blood pressure. This is

A late sign of shock

You are treating a 29 year old female factory worker who was involved in an accident in which a machine has amputated her right forearm. Bleeding from a clean edged amputation is usually cared for initially with

A pressure dressing

Your 20 year old female patient fell off her mountain bike and has a head injury. If you note bleeding or leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the patient's ears or nose, you should

Allow the drainage to flow freely

Four signs of shock in their typical order appearance:

Altered mental status Pale, cool, clammy skin Nausea and vomiting Vital sign changes

You suspect that your patient may be going into shock. Shock may develop as a result of all of the following except

An injury to the head

You are treating a 59 year old female patient who called the ambulance because her nose has been bleeding for quite a while. To stop or control a nosebleed, try each of the following except

Applying cold packs to the bridge of the nose and face

Finding arterial bleeding quickly is very important in assessing a patient. Which statement about arterial bleeding is correct

Arterial bleeding is often rapid and profuse

The pulse of a patient who has sustained considerable blood loss after slicing her hand will likey

Be irregular

You are treating a 45 year old female patient who has sustained considerable blood loss after slicing her hand while preparing food. She states that she feels nauseated. What is causing this symptom of feeling nauseated

Blood is diverted from the digestive system

The leading cause of internal injuries and bleeding is

Blunt trauma

After interviewing a 52 year old male patient, you suspect that he may have internal bleeding. Signs of internal bleeding include all of the following except

Bradycardia and a flushed face

When a patient cuts a blood vessel, the body attempts to protect the patient even before the bandage is applied. The body's natural responses to bleeding are constriction of the injured blood vessel and

Clotting

Your 35 year old male patient has severe bleeding from a large laceration on his right forearm. You tried direct pressure, and it did not work. A blood pressure cuff

Can be used as a temporary tourniquet if it is inflated to 150mmHg

Your 22 year old male patient has a large area of road rash from sliding along the highway when he laid down his motorcycle. Bleeding described as oozing is usually a result of __________ bleeding

Capillary

After controlling bleeding from an extremity using a bandaged pressure dressing, be sure to

Check the distal pulse

You are treating a 58 year old male who has had a nosebleed for the last hour. The medical term for a nosebleed is

Epistaxis

When you suspect that a patient is in shock, additional signs may include any of the following except

Flushed, warm skin

You are treating a 59 year old female patient who called the ambulance because her nose has been bleeding for quite a while. To stop or control a nosebleed, try each of the following

Having the patient sit down and lean forward Applying direct pressure to the fleshy portion around the nostrils Keeping the patient calm and quiet

You are treating a 58 year old male whose throat was slashed by an attacker standing behind him during a stretcher hold up. When a large bleeding vein in the neck sucks in an air bubble, or embolism, this can cause

Heart stoppage

When attempting to control a deep laceration across the entire right buttock of a 22 year old ski racer, you note that the cut goes down to the brown and will not stop bleeding. The best treatment would be to utilize __________ while beginning to transport the patient by MEDEVAC to the regional trauma center

Hemostatic gauze into the wound

Because of internal bleeding, the patient is developing inadequate tissue perfusion. This condition is referred to as

Hypoperfusion

The type of shock that is most commonly seen by EMTs is

Hypovolemic

Early signs of shock that are actually the body's compensating mechanisms include all of the following

Increased heart rate Increased respirations Pale, cool skin

You are treating a 22 year old male who has a deep laceration that is continuing to bleed. Use of direct pressure may not be effective if the wound

Involved a profusely bleeding artery

The patient has already bled through a small pile of gauze pads. You will be applying some additional sterile pads to the injury. The initial layer of dressing should not be removed from a bleeding wound because it

Is a necessary part of a clot formation

Why is administration of supplemental oxygen an important treatment for the trauma patient

It improves oxygenation of the tissues

You are going to use an air splint to manage the bleeding on the lower leg of a 22 year old male patient. Which of the following is true about the use of an air splint

It is effective for controlling venous and capillary bleeding

Cells and tissues of the brain, spinal cord, and __________ are the most sensitive to inadequate perfusion

Kidneys

Which of the following is not a guideline for supplementing bleeding control with cold application

Poor ice chips directly into the open skin

The most common mechanism of shock for a heart attack patient is

Pump failure

You suspect that your patient may be going into shock. Shock may develop as a result of all of the following

Pump failure Lost blood volume Dilated blood vessels

The blood has several functions. Carrying substances such as hormones, salt, and enzymes that control the body's function is referred to as

Regulation

Elevation is used to assist in bleeding control for all of the following reasons

Slows bleeding Raises the limb above the heart Helps to reduce blood pressure in the limb

Your 26 year old male patient was stabbed multiple times in a bar fight. Police are on the scene, and it is now safe for you to begin your assessment and treatment. The use of __________ is essential whenever bleeding is discovered or simply anticipated

Standard precautions

When you suspect that a patient is in shock, additional signs may include any of the following

Thirst Dilated pupils Cyanosis around the lips and nail beds

You are treating a 28 year old female who sustained several deep lacerations when she fell off her scooter and was thrown into a guardrail. The most common and effective way to control severe external extremity bleeding is by

Tourniquet

Blood that has been depleted of oxygen and loaded with carbon dioxide and other wastes empties into the __________, which carry it back to the heart

Veins

Your 38 year old female patient has sustained an injury to her right lower leg. There is steady flow of dark red or maroon blood, which is most likely a result of __________ bleeding

Venous

The major methods that are used to control external extremity bleeding include all of the following except

Vessel clamps

After interviewing a 52 year old male patient, you suspect that he may have internal bleeding. Signs of internal bleeding include all of the following

Vomiting a coffee ground like substance Dark, tarry stools A tender, rigid, or distended abdomen

You are treating a 19 year old female who experienced a series of lacerations. Your assessment of external bleeding includes all of the following except

Waiting for signs and symptoms of shock to appear before beginning treatment

Which of the following is a guideline for supplementing bleeding control with cold application

Wrap the ice pack in a cloth or towel Do not leave the cold pack in place for more than 20 minutes Place the amputated part into a sterile cool container