Chapter 25: The Fetal Face & Neck

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an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

A cystic hygroma is the result of:

Cystic hygroma

A large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a(n):

Hypotelorism

A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as:

micrognathia

A small mandible is termed:

cystic hygroma

All of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except:

Cleft lip

An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as:

Trisomy 21

An absent or hypoplastic nasal bone is most likely associated with:

hypertelorism

An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as:

trisomy 21

An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with:

Epignathus

An oral teratoma is referred to as:

cavum septum pellucidum

At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained?

Cebocephaly

Close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed:

Holoprosencephaly

Facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of:

cyclopia

Fusion of the orbits is termed:

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Macroglossia is most commonly found with:

Trisomy 18

Micrognathia is a condition found in:

down syndrome

Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with:

Anophthalmia

The absence of the eyes is termed:

ethmocephaly

The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is:

8 weeks

The fetal lip typically closes by:

Bechwith-Wiedemann syndrome

The growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is:

Fetal goiter

The isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as:

Binocular diameter

The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as the:

Anterior cephalocele

The most common cause of hypertelorism is:

Neck

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the:

trisomy 13

The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly is:

Between 15 weeks and 21 weeks

The nuchal fold measurement is typically obtained:

sagittal

The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is:

6 mm

The thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed:

down syndrome

There is a definite link between microtia and what syndrome?

Microtia

What is the term for a smaller than normal ear?

Epignathus

Which of the following conditions does not affect the orbits?

Brachial cleft cyst

Which of the following is a benign congenital neck cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible?

Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)

Which of the following is also referred to as Patau syndrome?

down syndrome

Which of the following is also referred to as:

Monosomy x

Which of the following may also be referred to as Turner syndrome?

isolated cleft palate

Which of the following would be most difficult to detect sonographically?

turner syndrome

Which of the following would most likely involve the development of a cystic hygroma?

macroglossia

an unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed:

amniotic band syndrome

group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is:


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