Chapter 26

Factors that increase the glomerular filtration rate include

fluid volume excess

The primary selectivity barrier for glomerular filtration is the

glomerular basement membrane

Which finding on urinalysis should prompt further evaluation?

White blood cells 20 per high-power field

Serious renal impairment generally does not occur until ____ of the total nephrons have been damaged

80%

Hormones that increase sodium reabsorption from the tubular fluid include

aldosterone, angiotensin II

The underlying mechanism which directly results in glycosuria is

exceeding the threshold for glucose reabsorption

The main driving force for glomerular filtration is

hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries

Renin is released from

juxtaglomerular cells

The glucose transporter in the proximal tubule

may be saturated at high filtered glucose loads.

Serum creatinine may be increased by

muscle breakdown

It is true that glucose reabsorption in the tubules

occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule

The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is affected by

protein intake, fluid intake, catabolism, renal function

An important sign of glomerular basement membrane dysfunction is

proteinuria

Approximately two-thirds of the water and electrolytes filtered by the kidney are reabsorbed by the

proximal tubule

The primary function of the vasa recta is to

reabsorb interstitial fluid.

Excess potassium is excreted from the body by the renal system primarily

secretion based on aldosterone level

The glomerular filtration rate is most accurately reflected in the

serum creatinine level