Chapter 27 Pathophysiology NCLEX-Style Review Questions

A client with a history of acute coronary syndrome asks why she needs to take aspirin 81 mg every day. The most appropriate response by the nurse would be: -"It will give you a steady relief of your chest pain." -"Aspirin prevents blood clotting by halting platelet production." -"Aspirin will help prevent blood clotting." -"Aspirin will prevent a heart attack."

"Aspirin will help prevent blood clotting."

What is the most important factor in myocardial oxygen demand? -Heart rate -Degree of anxiety -Respiratory rate -Hyperthermia

Heart rate

A 75-year-old client is being evaluated for heart failure. Which questions will the nurse ask to confirm common signs and symptoms observed in older adults experiencing heart failure? Select all that apply. -"Do you easily get tired?" -"Do you get up often during the night to urinate?" -"Do you have swelling in your ankles?" -"Are you eating more than usual?" -"Are you feeling depressed?"

"Do you easily get tired?", "Do you get up often during the night to urinate?", "Do you have swelling in your ankles?", "Are you feeling depressed?"

The diagnosis is hypovolemic shock. The nurse knows that causes of hypovolemic shock include which of the following? Select all that apply. -Myocardial infarction -15% blood volume loss -Severe burns -Severe dehydration -Excessive vasoconstriction

15% blood volume loss, Severe burns, Severe dehydration

The nurse is monitoring hourly urine output of a client diagnosed with hypovolemic shock. The nurse is most concerned if the client's output is: -40 mL/hour -60 mL/hour -80 mL/hour -20 mL/hour

20 mL/hour

What is the most common identifiable cause of secondary cardiomyopathy? -Heart transplant -Heart failure -Alcohol abuse -Genetic abnormalities

Alcohol abuse

The nurse is preparing to auscultate for a mitral valve stenosis murmur. Where is the best location to place the stethoscope? -Over the sternum -At the apex of the heart -At the carotid arteries -Over the aorta

At the apex of the heart

A client has developed constrictive pericarditis and myocardial hypertrophy. Select the most likely cause. -Backward failure -Frontward failure -Diastolic dysfunction -Systolic dysfunction

Diastolic dysfunction

When an acute event occurs and the circulatory system can no longer provide the body with adequate perfusion of its tissues and organs, cellular hypoxia occurs and the body goes into shock. What are the causes of shock in the human body? Select all that apply. -Hypovolemia -Obstruction of blood flow -Excessive vasoconstriction -Maldistribution of blood flow -Hypervolemia

Hypovolemia, Obstruction of blood flow, Maldistribution of blood flow

A child is suspected to have heart failure. The nurse knows that which statements regarding heart failure in children are most accurate? Select all that apply. -Inotropic agents such as digoxin may be used in children. -Congenital defects are a risk factor. -The etiology of heart failure is similar in children and adults. -Physical activity must be discouraged. -Symptoms include tachypnea and tachycardia.

Inotropic agents such as digoxin may be used in children., Congenital defects are a risk factor., Symptoms include tachypnea and tachycardia.

The nurse has just completed teaching a client about acyanotic congenital heart disease. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the client states the blood is shunted to which part of the body? -Left lung to the right lung -Right side of the heart to the left side of the heart -Right lung to the left lung -Left side of the heart to the right side of the heart

Left side of the heart to the right side of the heart

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client diagnosed with stable angina. Select the most important goal for this client. -Myocardial infarction prevention -Assisting the client to return to previous lifestyle -Preventing clotting disorders -Ensuring adequate oxygenation with continuous oxygen administration

Myocardial infarction prevention

Exudate in the pericardial cavity is a characteristic of which cardiac condition? -Acute pericarditis -Cardiac tamponade -Constrictive pericarditis -Pericardial effusion

Pericardial effusion

In distributive shock, there are abnormalities in vascular resistance. Which types of shock display the same distributive pattern? Select all that apply. -Septic -Anaphylactic -Neurogenic -Cardiogenic -Hypovolemic

Septic, Anaphylactic, Neurogenic

A 62-year-old female client presents to the emergency department and is diagnosed with acute heart failure syndrome. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect? -Productive cough with frothy sputum. -Slowed breathing and dehydration. -Shortness of breath and bradycardia. -Increased urination and dry skin.

Productive cough with frothy sputum.

A client with a known history of intravenous drug abuse has been diagnosed with infective endocarditis. Select the most likely cause of infection. -Eikenella corrodens -Kingella kingae -Staphylococcus aureus -Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Staphylococcus aureus

Which serum biomarker is highly specific for myocardial tissue? -White blood cells -Creatine kinase -C-reactive protein -Troponin

Troponin

The nurse is caring for a client with chronic heart failure. Which drug category may be pescribed for acute heart failure to improve heart performance by decreasing preload? -Cardiac glycosides like digitalis -Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors like captapril -Vasodilator drugs like nitroprusside -Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents like atenolol

Vasodilator drugs like nitroprusside

The health care team is developing a plan of care for a client diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF). The primary treatment goal would be: -maintaining higher oxygen levels to decrease the work of breathing. -placing a stent for fluid drainage from the heart. -improving quality of life by relieving symptoms. -eliminating CHF through curing the disease.

improving quality of life by relieving symptoms.

A preventive measure to decrease the risk of developing rheumatic heart disease includes: -yearly electrocardiography after the age of 50. -prompt diagnosis of streptococcal infections with a throat culture. -scheduling regular hearing examinations. -blood specimen assessed for rheumatoid factor.

prompt diagnosis of streptococcal infections with a throat culture.