Chapter 28

Which of the following the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?

1. 5. 3. 2. 4 1. Root cap 5. Apical meristem 3. Zone of cell division 2. Zone of elongation 4. Zone of cell maturation

As a youngster, you drive a nial in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

1.5 meters

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in figure 35.2 A monocot stem is represented by

2 only

A plant that is at least 3 years old is represented by

4 only

A woody eudicot is represented by

4 only

According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with mutiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?

A and B genes only

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

A change in the morphology of the leaves produced

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

A wavy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots

What would be a plant adaption that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?

Apical dominance

Water is most likely to enter a mesophyll cell

As a liquid

Vascular plant tissue includes all of the following cell types except

Cambium cells

Totipotency is a term used to describe a cell's ability to give rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that

Cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

Cell elongation

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to

Cell elongation localized at each internode

Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant?

Collenchyma cells

All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions excpet

Companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem

Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system?

Companion cellground tissue

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily

Elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the

Endodermis

Studies using arabiposis thaliana have led to important advances in all of the following except

Evolutionary history in plants

One major advantage of using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for studies of plant form and function is its

Fast generation time

Which of the following cell types is least likely to be capable of cell division?

Functional tracheid cell in a stem

Axillary buds

Have dormant meristematic cells

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plants is best described as

Indeterminate

When you eat brussel sprouts, what are you eating

Large axillary buds

Land plants are composed of all of the following tissue types except...

Mesodermal

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Parenchyma

A cell that is most likely to retain the ability to divide, perform metabolic functions, and store photosynthate would be a

Parenchyma cell in a leaf

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots

Pericycle

Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of a flower from the outermost whorl that had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls?

Petal-petal-stamen-stamen

Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system?

Pith

Which of the following statements is false?

Plant cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes will be turned "on" and "off"

Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its structure and function?

Preicyclewaterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots

A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem. The earliest physical evidence of the sitre of a newly forming leaf primordium would be

Preprophase bands parallel to the surface of the meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to

Produce more cells

A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical dominance by auxin via which of the following?

Pruning shoot tips

Which of the following would not be seen in a ccross sextion trhough the woody part of a root?

Root hairs

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?

Root hairs

Which of the following is a true statement?

Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as

Secondary tissues

Heartwood and sapwood consist of

Secondary xylem

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?

Secondary xylem

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

Secondary xylem

which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

A mutation allows only A gene activity in a developing flower. Which flower parts will develop in this plant?

Sepals

Which of the following cells transports sugars over long distances

Sieve tube elements

Pores on the leaff surface that function in gas exchange are called

Somata

Which of the following is a true statement about growth in plants?

Some plants lack secondary growth

Gas exchange, which is necessary for photosynthesis, can occur most easily in which leaf tissue?

Spongy mesophyll

The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the

Stele

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?

Stimulates lateral buds to grow

Co2 enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the

Stoma

While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botantist finds that an RNA probe produces colored spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what can be inferred

The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order

The annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark

Choose the option that best describes the relationship between the cell wall thickness of parenchyma cells versus sclerenchyma cells

The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of sclerenchyma cells

The polarity of a plant is established when

The zygote divides

Which of the following best describes advantages conferred by compound leaves versus simple leaves?

There's a greater chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas and less change of damage in high-wind areas

Which of the following are true statements about the cells shown in the photograph in Figure 35.1 above?

They are parenchyma cells and photosynthetic

The total number of genes in a species genome is not necessarily a good indicator of biological complexity because

This does not take into account the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA

Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of DNA transcription?

Tracheids

Which of the following are most resposnible for supporting mature, nongrowing parts of the plant?

Tracheids and vessel elements

Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must

Undergo dedifferentiation

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells

Vascular cambium

_______ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem

Vessel element; sieve tube member

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Woody eudicot

Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue (s) that George left functional was/were the

Xylem

A vessel element would likely lose its protoplast in which section of a root

Zone of maturation