Chapter 28
Which of the following the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?
1. 5. 3. 2. 4 1. Root cap 5. Apical meristem 3. Zone of cell division 2. Zone of elongation 4. Zone of cell maturation
As a youngster, you drive a nial in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?
1.5 meters
The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in figure 35.2 A monocot stem is represented by
2 only
A plant that is at least 3 years old is represented by
4 only
A woody eudicot is represented by
4 only
According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with mutiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?
A and B genes only
The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by
A change in the morphology of the leaves produced
One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that
A wavy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots
What would be a plant adaption that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?
Apical dominance
Water is most likely to enter a mesophyll cell
As a liquid
Vascular plant tissue includes all of the following cell types except
Cambium cells
Totipotency is a term used to describe a cell's ability to give rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that
Cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression
Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of
Cell elongation
Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to
Cell elongation localized at each internode
Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant?
Collenchyma cells
All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions excpet
Companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem
Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system?
Companion cellground tissue
The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily
Elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem
The innermost layer of the root cortex is the
Endodermis
Studies using arabiposis thaliana have led to important advances in all of the following except
Evolutionary history in plants
One major advantage of using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for studies of plant form and function is its
Fast generation time
Which of the following cell types is least likely to be capable of cell division?
Functional tracheid cell in a stem
Axillary buds
Have dormant meristematic cells
Compared to most animals, the growth of most plants is best described as
Indeterminate
When you eat brussel sprouts, what are you eating
Large axillary buds
Land plants are composed of all of the following tissue types except...
Mesodermal
A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?
Parenchyma
A cell that is most likely to retain the ability to divide, perform metabolic functions, and store photosynthate would be a
Parenchyma cell in a leaf
Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots
Pericycle
Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of a flower from the outermost whorl that had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls?
Petal-petal-stamen-stamen
Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system?
Pith
Which of the following statements is false?
Plant cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes will be turned "on" and "off"
Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its structure and function?
Preicyclewaterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots
A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem. The earliest physical evidence of the sitre of a newly forming leaf primordium would be
Preprophase bands parallel to the surface of the meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem
Plants contain meristems whose major function is to
Produce more cells
A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical dominance by auxin via which of the following?
Pruning shoot tips
Which of the following would not be seen in a ccross sextion trhough the woody part of a root?
Root hairs
Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?
Root hairs
Which of the following is a true statement?
Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium
Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as
Secondary tissues
Heartwood and sapwood consist of
Secondary xylem
What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?
Secondary xylem
Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?
Secondary xylem
which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?
Secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers
A mutation allows only A gene activity in a developing flower. Which flower parts will develop in this plant?
Sepals
Which of the following cells transports sugars over long distances
Sieve tube elements
Pores on the leaff surface that function in gas exchange are called
Somata
Which of the following is a true statement about growth in plants?
Some plants lack secondary growth
Gas exchange, which is necessary for photosynthesis, can occur most easily in which leaf tissue?
Spongy mesophyll
The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the
Stele
What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?
Stimulates lateral buds to grow
Co2 enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the
Stoma
While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botantist finds that an RNA probe produces colored spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what can be inferred
The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals
If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order
The annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark
Choose the option that best describes the relationship between the cell wall thickness of parenchyma cells versus sclerenchyma cells
The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of sclerenchyma cells
The polarity of a plant is established when
The zygote divides
Which of the following best describes advantages conferred by compound leaves versus simple leaves?
There's a greater chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas and less change of damage in high-wind areas
Which of the following are true statements about the cells shown in the photograph in Figure 35.1 above?
They are parenchyma cells and photosynthetic
The total number of genes in a species genome is not necessarily a good indicator of biological complexity because
This does not take into account the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA
Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of DNA transcription?
Tracheids
Which of the following are most resposnible for supporting mature, nongrowing parts of the plant?
Tracheids and vessel elements
Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must
Undergo dedifferentiation
Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells
Vascular cambium
_______ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem
Vessel element; sieve tube member
A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?
Woody eudicot
Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue (s) that George left functional was/were the
Xylem
A vessel element would likely lose its protoplast in which section of a root
Zone of maturation