Chapter 28
Choose the events that occur within a female fetus prior to birth. Select all that apply.
Beginning of prophase I in oogonia Formation of the primary oocytes Formation of the oogonia
What aspect of oogenesis occurs prior to birth?
Beginning of meiosis I
What are the main roles of testosterone in males? Select all that apply.
Formation of external genitalia Development of secondary sex characteristics Stimulates spermatogenesis
Which type of stimuli are involved in controlling male reproductive function? Select all that apply.
Hormonal Neural
Identify changes that occur in the female during puberty.
Increased deposition of adipose tissue Enlargement of reproductive tract Sex drive development Menarche occurs
During puberty, which of the following occur? Select all that apply.
Increased gonadotropins Spermatogenesis
What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?
Progesterone
After the onset of puberty, what occurs in the cortex of the ovary?
Some primary oocytes complete meiosis I to form secondary oocytes.
Describe changes that occur in the male reproductive system with age.
Sperm production decreases. The number of abnormal sperm produced increases.
Which organs are part of the internal female genitalia?
Vagina Uterine tubes Uterus Ovaries
Describe age-related changes that occur in the female reproductive tract.
Vaginal wall thins. Uterus shrinks.
In the ovarian cycle, the growth and development of follicles occurs during the____ phase.
follicular/proliferative
The superior broad part of the uterus is called the
fundus
Any precursor cell destined to become a gamete is known as a
germ cell
The development and function of the female reproductive system is dependent on ______.
hormonal and neural control
The gonads, the pituitary, and the ________are involved in hormonal control of the reproductive system.
hypothalamus
The cessation of menstrual cycles during midlife is called
menopause
At about day 14 of the ovarian cycle, a mature follicle will rupture and release an oocyte. This process is called
ovulation
For fertilization to occur, sexual intercourse must occur between five days before and one day after
ovulation
The process of ______ that occurs about day 14 of the ovarian cycle includes the rupturing of the mature follicle and the release of its oocyte and surrounding cells.
ovulation
The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.
ovulation corpus luteum formation
The erectile organ that serves to deposit semen in the vagina is the
penis
The pouch of skin, muscle, and fibrous connective tissue that contains the testes is called the _____.
perineum
The developing female gametes, as they progress through meiosis I, are called _______.
primary oocytes
An egg cell between meiosis I and fertilization is a(n)
secondary oocyte
The release of a _____ from an ovary is called ovulation.
secondary oocyte
During oogenesis, meiosis I produces two daughter cells: a large cell called a ______ and a smaller cell called a ______.
secondary oocyte, first polar body
What is a primary oocyte?
A developing female gamete up through meiosis I
What cell division occurs in the ovary after the onset of puberty?
Completion of meiosis I
Indicate which of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system.
Corpus luteum
Choose the age-related changes seen in the female reproductive system.
Decreased libido Increased frequency of reproductive system cancers Decreased hormone production by ovaries
Choose the age-related changes that are often seen in the reproductive system of males.
Decreased size and weight of gonadal tissue Decreased libido Changes in the prostate gland
Which two body systems are responsible for normal male reproductive function?
Endocrine Nervous
Name the phase in which the follicles develop.
Follicular phase
True or False: Female reproduction is under the control of the nervous system but not the endocrine system.
False, It is under the control of both the nervous and endocrine system.
Define oogonia.
Female stem cells that give rise to oocytes
Which term refers to the small, nonviable daughter cell that results from meiosis I?
First polar body
How/when is the first polar body formed?
It is formed from the first meiotic division of the oocyte.
Which of the following lists the order of the male reproductive tract structures?
Testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Define fertilization.
The penetration of the secondary oocyte by a sperm cell
True or False: The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle begins just after ovulation.
True, The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle begins with menstruation and continues until ovulation.
The clinical perineum is the region between what two structures in the female? Select all that apply.
Vagina Anus
Which of the following is NOT involved in the secretion of male sex hormones?
adrenal medulla
For fertilization to occur, sexual intercourse must occur ______.
between five days before and one day after ovulation
Women undergo ______, a midlife change in hormone levels that results in irregular cycles.
climacteric
A incision of the clinical perineum is called a(n)_______ and is done between the vagina and the______
episiotomy, anus
True or false: The perineum is an area of the body found in males, but not females.
false
True or False: The process by which female gametes are formed in the ovary is referred to as ovulation.
false, oogenesis
True or false: In meiosis, four genetically identical daughter cells are produced.
false, the daughter cells aren't identical
The phase of the ovarian cycle that extends from ovulation to the start of menstruation is the _____ phase.
luteal
The hormone that causes ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and the secretion of androgens by theca interna cells is
luteinizing
The female gamete cells found within the ovarian follicles are referred to as
oocytes
Put these in order to represent the maturation and transformation of an ovarian follicle.
primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, mature follicle, corpus luteum, corpus albicans
The hormone that is at its highest level during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle is_____
progesterone
During oogenesis, the large daughter cell that results after meiosis I is completed is called a _____ oocyte.
secondary
Ovulation occurs when an ovary releases a(n) _____oocyte.
secondary
The duct that extends from the ovary to the uterus and conveys an egg to the uterus is the ______.
uterine tube
Follicles called_____ follicles become primary follicles.
uterine tubes
A single-celled, fertilized ovum is called a(n)
zygote
The merging of a sperm and secondary oocyte forms a cell called a
zygote