Chapter 28

Choose the events that occur within a female fetus prior to birth. Select all that apply.

Beginning of prophase I in oogonia Formation of the primary oocytes Formation of the oogonia

What aspect of oogenesis occurs prior to birth?

Beginning of meiosis I

What are the main roles of testosterone in males? Select all that apply.

Formation of external genitalia Development of secondary sex characteristics Stimulates spermatogenesis

Which type of stimuli are involved in controlling male reproductive function? Select all that apply.

Hormonal Neural

Identify changes that occur in the female during puberty.

Increased deposition of adipose tissue Enlargement of reproductive tract Sex drive development Menarche occurs

During puberty, which of the following occur? Select all that apply.

Increased gonadotropins Spermatogenesis

What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?

Progesterone

After the onset of puberty, what occurs in the cortex of the ovary?

Some primary oocytes complete meiosis I to form secondary oocytes.

Describe changes that occur in the male reproductive system with age.

Sperm production decreases. The number of abnormal sperm produced increases.

Which organs are part of the internal female genitalia?

Vagina Uterine tubes Uterus Ovaries

Describe age-related changes that occur in the female reproductive tract.

Vaginal wall thins. Uterus shrinks.

In the ovarian cycle, the growth and development of follicles occurs during the____ phase.

follicular/proliferative

The superior broad part of the uterus is called the

fundus

Any precursor cell destined to become a gamete is known as a

germ cell

The development and function of the female reproductive system is dependent on ______.

hormonal and neural control

The gonads, the pituitary, and the ________are involved in hormonal control of the reproductive system.

hypothalamus

The cessation of menstrual cycles during midlife is called

menopause

At about day 14 of the ovarian cycle, a mature follicle will rupture and release an oocyte. This process is called

ovulation

For fertilization to occur, sexual intercourse must occur between five days before and one day after

ovulation

The process of ______ that occurs about day 14 of the ovarian cycle includes the rupturing of the mature follicle and the release of its oocyte and surrounding cells.

ovulation

The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.

ovulation corpus luteum formation

The erectile organ that serves to deposit semen in the vagina is the

penis

The pouch of skin, muscle, and fibrous connective tissue that contains the testes is called the _____.

perineum

The developing female gametes, as they progress through meiosis I, are called _______.

primary oocytes

An egg cell between meiosis I and fertilization is a(n)

secondary oocyte

The release of a _____ from an ovary is called ovulation.

secondary oocyte

During oogenesis, meiosis I produces two daughter cells: a large cell called a ______ and a smaller cell called a ______.

secondary oocyte, first polar body

What is a primary oocyte?

A developing female gamete up through meiosis I

What cell division occurs in the ovary after the onset of puberty?

Completion of meiosis I

Indicate which of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system.

Corpus luteum

Choose the age-related changes seen in the female reproductive system.

Decreased libido Increased frequency of reproductive system cancers Decreased hormone production by ovaries

Choose the age-related changes that are often seen in the reproductive system of males.

Decreased size and weight of gonadal tissue Decreased libido Changes in the prostate gland

Which two body systems are responsible for normal male reproductive function?

Endocrine Nervous

Name the phase in which the follicles develop.

Follicular phase

True or False: Female reproduction is under the control of the nervous system but not the endocrine system.

False, It is under the control of both the nervous and endocrine system.

Define oogonia.

Female stem cells that give rise to oocytes

Which term refers to the small, nonviable daughter cell that results from meiosis I?

First polar body

How/when is the first polar body formed?

It is formed from the first meiotic division of the oocyte.

Which of the following lists the order of the male reproductive tract structures?

Testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

Define fertilization.

The penetration of the secondary oocyte by a sperm cell

True or False: The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle begins just after ovulation.

True, The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle begins with menstruation and continues until ovulation.

The clinical perineum is the region between what two structures in the female? Select all that apply.

Vagina Anus

Which of the following is NOT involved in the secretion of male sex hormones?

adrenal medulla

For fertilization to occur, sexual intercourse must occur ______.

between five days before and one day after ovulation

Women undergo ______, a midlife change in hormone levels that results in irregular cycles.

climacteric

A incision of the clinical perineum is called a(n)_______ and is done between the vagina and the______

episiotomy, anus

True or false: The perineum is an area of the body found in males, but not females.

false

True or False: The process by which female gametes are formed in the ovary is referred to as ovulation.

false, oogenesis

True or false: In meiosis, four genetically identical daughter cells are produced.

false, the daughter cells aren't identical

The phase of the ovarian cycle that extends from ovulation to the start of menstruation is the _____ phase.

luteal

The hormone that causes ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and the secretion of androgens by theca interna cells is

luteinizing

The female gamete cells found within the ovarian follicles are referred to as

oocytes

Put these in order to represent the maturation and transformation of an ovarian follicle.

primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, mature follicle, corpus luteum, corpus albicans

The hormone that is at its highest level during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle is_____

progesterone

During oogenesis, the large daughter cell that results after meiosis I is completed is called a _____ oocyte.

secondary

Ovulation occurs when an ovary releases a(n) _____oocyte.

secondary

The duct that extends from the ovary to the uterus and conveys an egg to the uterus is the ______.

uterine tube

Follicles called_____ follicles become primary follicles.

uterine tubes

A single-celled, fertilized ovum is called a(n)

zygote

The merging of a sperm and secondary oocyte forms a cell called a

zygote