Psych chapter 6-10
Joan is a ten-year-old girl with a mental age of twelve. According to Stern, Joan's IQ is__________.
120
A(n) _________ is a partial similarity among things that are different in other ways.
Analogy
__________is the capacity to communicate information about events and objects in another time or place.
Displacement
__________is the quality of language that permits one to communicate information about objects and events in another time and place.
Displacement
_____ is the capacity to communicate information about events and objects in another time or place.
Displacement
_________ is the maintenance of detailed visual memories over several minutes.
Eidetic imagery
Jamie is known to be "street smart." He gets by very well in the real world as he is very practical and handles difficult situations well. Jamie has naturalist intelligence.
False
During middle adulthood, people are at their height of sensory sharpness, strength, reaction time, and cardiovascular fitness.
Flase
Which of the following is a feature of a child's motor development?
It is dependent on brain maturation of the child.
Which of the following is true about the serial position effect?
It is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items on a list.
Which one of the following is a criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
It was too vague to scientifically measure the psychic structures.
In psycholinguistic theory, _________ is a neural "prewiring" that facilitates the child's learning of grammar.
Language acquistion device
Which of the following is an illustration of the defense mechanism of repression?
Mary witnessed the death of her sister when she was young but cannot remember it now.
The__________shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.
Mental age
Daniel is an eight-year-old boy. After taking a test, the Binet-Simon scale showed that he is functioning intellectually like an eight year old. Therefore, Daniel has a(n) _____ of eight.
Mental age
The _________ shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.
Mental age
_____ are meaningless sets of two consonants, with a vowel sandwiched in between, that are used to study memory.
Nonsense syllables
_________ is the activation of specific associations in memory, often as a result of repetition and without making a conscious effort to access the memory.
Priming
Sarah remembers that she has to pack her suitcase and has to lock all the windows and doors before she leaves for her vacation the next day. Her memory about activities that need to be performed in the future would be known as _____.
Prospective memory
_________ is a process in psychological testing that checks out the scores, validity, and reliability of a test with people of various ages and from various groups.
Standardization
If the __________ is damaged, a person can form visual memories but not verbal memories.
Thalamus
Ludwig, a cellist, is memorizing a musical composition just by listening to it, without referring to the sheet music. He most likely is using a(n) _____.
acoustic code
A(n) _________ is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus.
amniotic sac
The preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by:
children attributing life and consciousness to physical objects.
Ophelia is 51 years old. She has begun to experience hot flashes and finds it difficult to sleep at night. More often than not, she finds herself feeling pessimistic and unmotivated. She also has a certain amount of anxiety.Ophelia is most likely experiencing the _____ of middle adulthood.
climacteric
Freud said that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely__________.
conscious--unconscious--and-preconscious
When Claire was baking an apple pie, the odor of the pie triggered some memories of her childhood. She remembered playing with her younger brother in the living room while her mother baked apple pies. Her memory is an example of a(n) _____.
contest dependent memory
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to__________.
determine-whether-and-for-how-long-information-is-retained-in-memory
The__________is a problem affecting female athletes involving low availability of energy and loss of bone density.
female athlete triad
The__________is the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not become implanted in the uterine wall.
germinal stage
_____individuals are people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with, people of the other gender.
heterosexual
Greg becomes a chain smoker in his early teens. According to the psychosexual stages of personality development, he is fixated at the _____.
oral stage
Mariana is a 14-year-old girl dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents are unhappy and forbid her from meeting him. She fights with them regularly because she believes that she loves him. She even threatens to run away with him. This scenario best represents Mariana's__________.
personal fable
Sigmund Freud was the first to develop the _____ of personality.
psychodynamic theories
__________is the period of physical development during which sexual reproduction first becomes possible.
puberty
Erikson's term for lack of clarity in one's life roles is _________.
role diffusion
__________is the turning of an infant's head toward a touch.
rooting
A pregnant woman visits her doctor for a scheduled ultrasound. She hears the strong heartbeat of her baby. She is able to see the fingers and toes of the baby. She also tells the doctor that she frequently feels the baby kick. Which stage of prenatal development is best depicted in the scenario?
the fetal stage
The__________is the feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved.
tip of the tongue phenomenon
__________enables us to solve problems and acquire new knowledge, and it is the type of intelligence measured by standard intelligence tests.
Analytical intelligence
According to the five-factor model, the five basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism, _________, agreeableness, and openness to experience.
Consientousness
Ryan is telling his grandchildren stories of his youth and college days. In the context of language, Ryan is demonstrating__________.
Displacement
Generating many possible solutions is a characteristic of which of the following concepts?
Divergent thinking
Which of the following is true of the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle?
During this phase, men enter a refractory period.
A child points to a cat and says, "Cat." He then points to a dog and then a rabbit and calls them cats as well. In this context, the child is overregulating.
False
Research shows that apes are very reliable in their sequencing of signs, suggesting that they closely comprehend the rules of grammar.
False
The human ability to store information is limited.
False
Which of the following is true of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
It states that humans are motivated by a desire for personal growth.
Which of the following is true of estrogen production in females?
It stimulates the growth of tissue in the hips.
_________ means responding to a new stimulus through existing cognitive structures.
assimilation
__________is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems.
creativity
According to ethologist Konrad Lorenz, a(n) _________is a period of time when an instinctive response can be elicited by a particular stimulus.
critical period
The seeds of individualism and collectivism are found in the__________in which a person grows up.
culture
A(n)__________rat is characterized by excessive eating.
hyperphagic
A(n)_________rat is characterized by excessive eating.
hyperphagic
_________ is a process in which an organism responds to a stimulus in a manner that will afterward be difficult to modify.
imprinting
Jorge works for a finance company. His boss tells him that he will get a raise if he can complete his work two days before the actual deadline. The raise that Jorge is being offered is referred to as a(n)__________.
incentive
According to research performed by Bray and Bouchard,__________.
more-than-two-out-of-three-adult-Americans-are-overweight
Nadine has a newborn baby boy. The first time her husband turned on the television, the baby drew up his legs and arched his back in response to the sudden noise. In this scenario, the baby exhibited the__________.
moro relfex
In the context of the sexual response cycle,__________is muscle tension, which causes grimaces, spasms in the hands and feet, and the spasms of orgasm.
myotonia
__________is an example of a psychological need.
power
Barbara wanted to know whether Americans bought more American-made cars than foreign made cars. To come up with an answer, she based her opinion on the cars her friends drove. Barbara used__________to come to the conclusion.
the-availability-heuristic
Jenna has not eaten in eight hours. She experiences hunger. According to the drive-reduction theory, Jenna is experiencing a primary drive.
true
The preconscious mind contains ideas that are out of awareness but can be made conscious by focusing on them.
true
Research on the biology of memory involving the visual cortex of rats reared in stimulating environments and the stimulation of certain synapses in sea snails, such as Aplysia, suggests that _____.
neural events may be involved in memory
According to Freud, the id followsthe _____.
pleasure principle
Which of the following situations represents acculturation among immigrants living in the United States?
A child from France is learning English at home.
Albert lost the keys to his car sometime between the time he locked it and his return to the car about three hours later. Albert came up with a formula to find the keys; he retraced his steps, going to all of the places he visited after he initially locked the car. Albert eventually found the keys on his office desk. Albert used a(n)__________to find his keys.
Algorithm
After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she combined the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called__________.
Chuncking
Mozart was a child prodigy. By the age of 12, he had composed several musical pieces.According to Sternberg's model of intelligence, Mozart can be said to have demonstrated a high level of _____.
Creative intelligence
An anagram is a partial similarity among things that are different in other ways.
False
Heuristic device, in psycholinguistic theory, is a neural "prewiring" that facilitates a child's learning of grammar.
False
When a child utters "baba," it may mean, "I want my bottle," or "Where is my bottle?" or "that's my bottle." These single words used by children to express many things are known as _____.
Holophases
A(n)__________is a mental representation of a visual stimulus that is held briefly in sensory memory.
Icon
_________ tend to define themselves in terms of their personal identities and to give priority to their personal goals.
Individualists
Which of the following statements is true about explicit memory?
It is the memory of things that are clearly stated or explained.
The enhanced efficiency in a synapse after brief rapid stimulation that makes up learning is called _____.
Long term potentiation
Research on the biology of memory involving the visual cortex of rats reared in stimulating environments and the stimulation of certain synapses in sea snails, such as Aplysia, suggests that__________.
Neural events may be involved in memory
The height of sexual excitement involving involuntary muscle contractions and release of sexual tensions is termed as a(n)_________.
Orgasm
__________are nonsense syllables presented in pairs in experiments that measure recall.
Paired associates
Which of the following is consistent with Erikson's stage of ego integrity versus despair?
People focus on letting go and accepting their place in the sweep of history.
_____ is an example of a psychological need.
Power
_________ enables people to deal with other people, including difficult people, and to meet the demands of their environment.
Practical Intelligence
__________enables people to deal with other people, including difficult people, and to meet the demands of their environment.
Practical intelligence
_________ is the memory to perform an act in the future, as at a certain time or when a certain event occurs.
Prospective memory
A sofa, bed, and table are _____ of the category furniture, but a magazine rack, lamp, and piano bench are not.
Prototypes
A(n)__________is a way of mentally representing the world, such as a belief or an expectation, which can influence perception of persons, objects, and situations.
Schema
__________is the type or stage of memory that is first encountered by a stimulus.
Sensory memory
The _________ is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items in a series.
Serial position effect
Which of the following is a characteristic of polygraphs for lie detection?
Tense muscles will reduce their accuracy.
Steve has just completed a personality assessment in which he was shown a series of cards one at a time and asked to make up stories about them. Which of the following tests is he most likely to have taken?
The Thematic Apperception Test
Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory?
The far-reaching effects of childhood events
Dana can only remember a few of the first and last items on her grocery list. Which of the following is this an example of?
The serial position effect
Which of the following is true of children specifically in the concrete operational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory?
They show the capacity for adult logic involving tangible objects.
Which of the following is true of satiety?
We get signals of satiety from the digestive tract.
Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on__________.
Western-cultural-prejudice
According to Jung, which of the following refers to the primitive images contained in the collective unconscious?
archetypes
The _________ is the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates glands and activities such as heartbeat and respiration.
autonomic nervous system
The__________is the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates glands and activities such as heartbeat and respiration.
autonomic nervous system
Jim overhears a classmate explaining to a friend that people are free to do what they choose with their lives and that the meaning of their lives is what they give to it. He further explains that people have unique ways of looking at the world, known as unique frame of reference. The classmate is describing the views of__________.
carl rogers
Freud said that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely _____.
conscious, unconscious, and preconscious
Kyra is a historymajor and talks to her grandfather regularly. She calls him her human dictionary because he can give her the meaning of almost every word that she asks him. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying _____.
crystallized intellience
Kyra is a history major and talks to her grandfather regularly. She calls him her human dictionary because he can give her the meaning of almost every word that she asks him. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying__________.
crystallized intelligence
At a painting exhibition, Martha had admired a painting that depicted a farm. Half an hour later, when she was having lunch with a friend, Martha was able to recall several details depicted in the painting. She remembered correctly the colors that were used, the animals that were drawn, and even the number of trees in the painting. Martha's ability to remember these details would be known as__________.
eidetic imagery
Mark and Mindy have two daughters. Theirolder daughter moved to a different city to pursue her graduate studies a few years ago. Now their younger daughter has finished high school and is moving to a different country for her undergraduate studies. After the younger daughter leaves, Mindy is bereft and is unable to figure out what to do with her free time. This scenario best illustrates the _____.
empty-nest syndrome
A psychology professor argues that the nature of the mother-infant relationship and social relationships are more crucial determinants of personality than sexual urges. In addition, she argues that we are conscious architects of our own personality. The professor's views are closest to those of _____.
erik erikson
A psychology professor argues that the nature of the mother-infant relationship and social relationships are more crucial determinants of personality than sexual urges. In addition, she argues that we are conscious architects of our own personality. The professor's views are closest to those of__________.
erik erikson
The placenta:
exchanges nutrients from mother to embryo
Girls can become pregnant immediately after menarche.
false
A researcher puts a baby in a room with many different objects. Then he records the amount of time the baby spends looking at one stimulus instead of another. This shows the baby's visual preference. The researcher is most likely measuring the baby's__________.
fixation time
In the context of the perceptual development of infants, _________ is the amount of time spent looking at a visual stimulus.
fixation time
The _________ is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
formal operational stage
The drive-reduction theory of Hull states that:
hunger and pain trigger arousal and activate behavior.
According to psycholinguistic theory, the inborn tendency to acquire language is called a__________.
language-acquisition-device
The__________is an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating center.
lateral hypothalamus
_________ is the directional effect of sex hormones.
organizing effect
Children between the ages of three and five incorrectly apply the rules of past tense and of plural when they say "sitted" instead of "sat" and "gooses" instead of "geese." This is known as _____.
overregularization
_________ are nonsense syllables presented in pairs in experiments that measure recall.
paired associates
The__________is a membrane within the uterus that permits the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and her developing child.
placenta
Nicholas develops a new assessment tool to measure the psychological concept of extraversion. He finds that individuals who take the test repeatedly tend to score similarly each time. Which dimension of assessment has Nicholas established?
reliability
Sarah was required to learn a list of 20 numbers in order. Initially, she took 15 repetitions to learn the list. After five days, she had forgotten the list of numbers and had to re-learn it. This time, she only took eight tries to re-learn the numbers. The difference between the number of repetitions she originally took to learn the numbers and the number of repetitions she took to re-learn the numbers is known as _____.
savings
A _________ is a pattern of action or a "mental structure" involved in acquiring or organizing knowledge.
schema
In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called__________.
self actualization
During the embryonic stage of prenatal development, the:
sex organs start to differentiate.
Parents can help children develop self-esteem when they show them__________regard, or when they accept them as having intrinsic merit regardless of their behavior at the moment.
unconditional positive
_________ are parents who generally leave their children to themselves.
uninvolved parents
__________is the swelling of the genital tissues with blood, causing erection of the penis and swelling of the area surrounding the vaginal opening.
vasocongestion
The _________ isa central area on the underside of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a stop-eating center.
ventromedial nucleus
Ophelia is in high school. She enjoys studying and does well in school. Her parents encourage her to think and act independently. Whenever she does well in an exam, she feels a sense of self-satisfaction. In this scenario, Ophelia's achievement motivation stems from a(n)__________.
Learning goal
After setting a five-year goal for their company, a group of managers look at where the company is today and the steps needed to achieve the final goal. They are using a technique called__________.
Means end analysis
A(n)__________is an assumed change in the nervous system that reflects the impression made by a stimulus.
Memory Trace
If an image of Abraham Lincoln's face was flashed on a screen, the viewer could hold the visual impression in their sensory register as a(n)__________.
Memory trace
A(n)__________is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems.
Mental set
Anna points to an object and tells her 2-year-old what it is. The child then points and repeats the label. According to the social-cognitive perspective, Anna serves as a(n) _____ for her child to acquire language skills.
Model
In the context of the sexual response cycle, _____ is muscle tension, which causes grimaces, spasms in the hands and feet, and the spasms of orgasm.
Myotonia
In order to teach kindergarten students about mammals, a teacher tells the students that fishes and birds are not mammals. These are__________of the mammal concept.
Negative instances
The Electra complex develops in the__________of psychosexual development.
Phallic stage
To teach his child the prototype for cats, Nathan points to many examples in books, at home, on TV, and in the neighborhood, while saying the word "cat." These are _____ of the cat concept.
Positive instances
Studies involving brain imaging reveal that _____ makes it possible for people to carry out mental tasks with less neural activity.
Priming
According to__________, language acquisition involves the interaction of environmental influences.
Psycholinguistic theory
Stephen was recently involved in a car accident due to which he was critically injured. He is unable to recall the events that led to the accident. Stephen is suffering from__________.
Retrograde amnesia
__________is the failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma.
Retrograde amnesia
Dave cannot remember the last digit in his friend's telephone number. In order to reach him, he keeps trying different numbers until he finds the right one. In this context, which of the following methods is Dave using?
Systematic random search
Priscilla is a psychologist. She is studying a group of people for their behaviors that make them unique. What will be the definition of the term "personality" on her paper on the study?
The person's reasonably stable pattern of emotions, motives, and demeanor
According to Steinberg, which of the following statements is true about creative people?
They accept their limitations
Which of the following statements is true about concepts?
They can represent visions of things that can never be measured.
Incubation in problem solving refers to standing back from the problem for a while as some process within may continue to work on it.
True
Selective optimization with compensation is the reshaping of a person's life to concentrate on what he or she finds to be important and meaningful in the face of physical decline and possible cognitive impairment.
True
When you are given a new phone number and write it down or immediately dial the number, you are retaining the number in your short-term memory.
True
Which of the following is a difference between James-Lange's theory and Cannon-Bard's theory?
Unlike Cannon-Bard's theory, James-Lange's theory says that emotions are produced by bodily changes.
Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on _____.
Western cultural prejudice
A two-year-old child's family has a pet rabbit. When they visit the zoo for the first time, the child sees a hamster and calls it a rabbit because of its similar physical features. According to Piaget, which cognitive process within the child will best correct the child's misunderstanding?
accommodation
According to Ainsworth, infants who show__________are least distressed by their mother's departure.
acoidant attachment
A(n)__________is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus.
amniotic sac
The__________is a part of the limbic system involved in discriminating emotions, including fear.
amygdala
To test the problem-solving skills of her son, Tiffany asks her son to reorganize groups of scrambled words such as, "skosc,""odg," "imal," and "orod." Tiffany is using__________of the words, socks, dog, mail, and door.
anagrams
Lauren is obsessed with the cleanliness of her room. According to the psychosexual stages of personality development, she is fixated at the _____.
anal stage
Daniella thinks that she is extremely overweight despite having a normal body weight. She avoids eating food and recently has lost a lot of weight. Even after this, she continues to think that she is overweight. Which eating disorder is Daniella most likely suffers from?
anorexia nervosa
A(n) _________ rat is characterized by under eating.
aphagic
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, decentration in the concreate operational stage refers to:
children being able to center on two dimensions of a problem at once.
__________are mental categories used to group together objects, relations, events, abstractions, or qualities that have common properties.
concepts
In _________, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a nearly limitless course.
divergent thinking
A(n) _____ is a condition of arousal in an organism that is associated with a need.
drive
According to Erik Erikson,__________is a firm sense of who one is and what one stands for.
ego identity
Tom is a high school senior who is very clear that he wants to study medicine. He spendshis summer volunteering at hospitals and studies very hard for all his tests. He subscribes to medical journals so that he does not miss out on developments in the medical field. Tom is determined to study at Harvard Medical School and is sure he will get in. According to Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, Tom is demonstrating _____.
ego identity
_________ is process of propelling semen from the penis.
ejaculation
A pregnant woman goes for an ultrasound in the second month of her pregnancy and hears the heartbeat of her baby for the first time. She is told that at this stage of her pregnancy the head of the baby will start changing shape, and its facial features will start becoming easier to identify. The__________of prenatal development is depicted in this scenario.
embryonic stage
Eli is a student in school. Her teacher's appreciation motivates her to study well. She also aims to get into a good university after she graduates from high school. Eli's performance goals seem to be met through _____.
extrinsic rewards
According to Jeffrey Arnett, the age of self-focus is characterized by adults experimenting with careers and romantic possibilities.
false
Learning theory focused on enduring personality characteristics that were generally presumed to be embedded in the nervous system.
false
Social-cognitive theorists propound that only genetic factors are responsible for sexual orientation.
false
The _________ is a problem affecting female athletes involving low availabilityof energy and loss of bone density.
female athlete triad
__________is mental flexibility as shown in learning rapidly to solve new kinds of problems.
fluid intelligence
Which of the following is the final stage in Freud's stages of psychosexual development?
genital stage
The _________ is the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not become implanted in the uterine wall.
germinal stage
Viola has just come back from work and is experiencing hunger pangs. She quickly makes a sandwich which satisfies her hunger. The return to the normal bodily function without the hunger pangs is called _____.
homeostasis
Viola has just come back from work and is experiencing hunger pangs. She quickly makes a sandwich which satisfies her hunger. The return to the normal bodily function without the hunger pangs is called__________.
homeostasis
__________individuals are people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with, people of the same gender.
homosexual
Which of the following theorists believed that personality is not something people have but rather something they create to give meaning and direction to their lives?
humanistic theorists
In Gestalt psychology, a(n)__________is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.
insight
A(n)__________involves an inherited disposition to activate specific behavior patterns that enable an organism to reach specific goals.
instinct
The social cognitive theory is criticized because__________.
it-pays-less-attention-to-genetic-variation-in-explaining-individual-differences-in-behavior
According to psycholinguistic theory, the inborn tendency to acquire language is called a _____.
language acquistion device
To remember the names of all the countries in Asia, Jennifer is mentally repeating all the country names several times. This scenario illustrates _____.
maintenance rehearsal
According to the study by Masters and Johnson,__________.
men-and-women-have-similar-biological-responses-to-sexual-stimulation
_________ is the beginning of menstruation.
menarche
_________ is the beginning of menstruation.
menarche
Anna points to an object and tells her 2-year-old what it is. The child then points and repeats the label. According to the social-cognitive perspective, Anna serves as a(n)__________for her child to acquire language skills.
model
Susan has the ability to look at the moon and the stars at night and to develop insights into the laws that govern their behavior. In this context, Susan has _____.
naturalist intelligence
Susan has the ability to look at the moon and the stars at night and to develop insights into the laws that govern their behavior. In this context, Susan has__________.
naturalsit intelligence
A mother is playing with her eight-month-old son. She places an object in front of her son and then takes it away. She notices that her son begins to look for the object. Which aspect of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development is depicted in the scenario?
object permanence
__________is also termed as modeling.
observational learning
Richard has not been successful in getting a job despite several efforts. Thinking about his failure, Richard has started going under depression. He feels helpless and hopeless about his situation and even feels suicidal at times. What other symptom is most likely to be associated with Richard's condition?
parasympathetic arousal
The _________ is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body.
parasympathetic nervous system
Mariana is a 14-year-old girl dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents are unhappy and forbid her from meeting him. She fights with them regularly because she believes that she loves him. She even threatens to run away with him. This scenario best represents Mariana's _____.
personal fable
The__________is the second phase of the sexual response cycle, which is characterized by increases in vasocongestion, muscle tension, heart rate, and blood pressure in preparation for orgasm.
plateau phase
To teach his child the prototype for cats, Nathan points to many examples in books, at home, on TV, and in the neighborhood, while saying the word "cat." These are__________of the cat concept.
positive instances
_____ is the field of psychology that is about personal well-being and satisfaction; joy, sensual pleasure, and happiness; and optimism and hope for the future.
positive psychology
According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is based on a person's own moral standards at the _________.
postconventional level
Sarah remembers that she has to pack her suitcase and has to lock all the windows and doors before she leaves for her vacation the next day. Her memory about activities that need to be performed in the future would be known as__________.
prospective memory
According to Freud, the ego is guided by the__________.
reality principle
__________are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli.
reflexes
In Freud's psychodynamic theory, _________ is the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness.
repression
The _________ is the final phase of the sexual response cycle.
resolution phase
The__________is the final phase of the sexual response cycle.
resolution phase
Erikson's term for lack of clarity in one's life roles is__________.
role diffusion
Shawna is in her mid-fifties. Her college-going son lives in a separate apartment in the same city while her parents live with her. She cooks meals for her son regularly and does his laundry. At the same time, she looks after her parents, who are dependent on her. Shawna is facing the difficulties of the__________.
sandwich generation
__________is the state of being satisfied.
satiety
Sarah was required to learn a list of 20 numbers in order. Initially, she took 15 repetitions to learn the list. After five days, she had forgotten the list of numbers and had to re-learn it. This time, she only took eight tries to re-learn the numbers. The difference between the number of repetitions she originally took to learn the numbers and the number of repetitions she took to re-learn the numbers is known as__________.
savings
Striving to become what you are capable of being is termed as _____.
self actualization
According to Carl Rogers, _________ refer(s) to the mental images of what we are capable of becoming.
self ideals
Alan works in a research laboratory. He owns a house, and he earns enough to sustain himself. He has a large social circle and makes time to meet his friends at least once a week. However, Alan feels that he is capable of much more and can achieve a lot more things. He is striving to bring out the best within himself. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alan is trying to fulfill his__________.
self-actualization-needs
Chris, a high school student, is looking up the profiles of various colleges to make a decision about which one he wants to attend. Being a confident person, he believes that he will do well at a prestigious university. His belief in his success is called__________by social cognitive theorists.
self-efficacy-expectations
Christopher knows a lot of facts about the planet earth. He knows that the circumference of the earth is 40,030 km even though he did not personally measure the circumference of the earth. This knowledge is referred to as _____.
semantic memory
Christopher knows a lot of facts about the planet earth. He knows that the circumference of the earth is 40,030 km even though he did not personally measure the circumference of the earth. This knowledge is referred to as__________.
semantic memory
Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory?
social relationships
While watching a comedy show, Amanda remembered many funny incidents from her own college life. This is an example of__________.
state dependent memory
The _________ functions according to the moral principle.
superego
The__________functions according to the moral principle.
superego
According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development have:
the ability to hypothesize
Barbara wanted to know whether Americans bought more American-made cars than foreign made cars. To come up with an answer, she based her opinion on the cars her friends drove. Barbara used _____ to come to the conclusion.
the availability heuristic
Caleb had read in the newspaper that a popular corporation had appointed a new CEO. When he was talking about this to a friend, Caleb could only remember the first letter and the last letter of the new CEO's name. This illustrates__________.
the serial position effect
Caleb had read in the newspaper that a popular corporation had appointed a new CEO. When he was talking about this to a friend, Caleb could only remember the first letter and the last letter of the new CEO's name. This illustrates _____.
the serial-position effect
According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, the preoperational stage is characterized by the use of words and symbols to represent objects and relationships among them.
true
Freud believed that children encounter conflict during each stage of psychosexual development.
true
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, achievement, prestige, and status are included in esteem needs.
true
In long-term memory, we tend to organize information according to a hierarchical structure.
true
With well-known information such as our names and occupations, retrieval is effortless and rapid.
true
Parents can help children develop self-esteem when they show them _________ regard, or when they accept them as having intrinsic merit regardless of their behavior at the moment.
unconditional positive
The _________ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression.
unconscious
Aria works at a marketing research firm.Whenever she processes information, she disregards information that does not fit in with her idea so as to eliminate discrepancies. This behavior is consistent with _____.
Piaget's cognitive developmental theory
When watching a horror movie, Mark was frightened by a scene; he reacted by dropping the glass of soda that he was holding. This reaction of fright is linked to the _____.
sympathetic nervous system
According to research performed by Kohlberg, children at the preconventionallevel base their moral judgments on _____.
the consequences of behavior
The representativeness heuristic leads people to make judgments about events according to _____.
the populations of events that they appear to represent
Which of the following situations best describes Watson and Skinner's beliefs regarding behaviorism?
A man donates to charity because his parents rewarded this behavior.
Katie is a very skilled in-line skater and a tap dancer. Her skills are a part of her _____.
Implicit memory
Carl Rogers believed that we all have unique frames of reference.
True
Hippocrates associated a choleric personality with warmth and cheerfulness.
false
Which of the following is true in the context of children babbling?
Babbling is inborn and prelinguistic.
__________is the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli.
Echoic memory
__________ is the first stage of information processing.
Encoding
Abe and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Abe her telephone number at a party, but Abe is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Linda. Abe and Rose have different _____ of the event.
Episodic memories
Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage?
Establishment of close relationships
_________ is the periodic sexual excitement of many female mammals.
Estrus
__________in part reflects the horrors of mass destruction of human life through war and genocide, frequent events in the 20th century.
Existentialism
_________ is mental flexibility as shown in learning rapidly to solve new kinds of problems.
Fluid intelligence
Christopher has good skills many areas of problem solving and reasoning ability. According to Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of__________.
General intelligence
Christopher has good skills many areas of problem solving and reasoning ability. According to Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of _____.
General intelligence
Which of the following statements is true about the influence of genetic factors and environmental factors on intelligence?
Genetic factors account for about half of the variations in intelligence test scores among individuals.
Lewis generally comes across as a quick-tempered individual. His anger is easily triggered by trivial situations. According to Eysenck's dimensions, which of the following is true of Lewis?
He is extraverted and unstable.
Ten-year-old Joshua knows that snakes are reptiles and all reptiles are animals. Joshua's concept of animal is__________.
Hierarchical
Tracy had taken tennis lessons when she was very young and was a good tennis player in her school. However, she had not played tennis for years when she decided to enroll in a tennis class at college. At the tennis class, a moment after she picked up her racket, Tracy realized that she had shifted it to the correct forehand grip without even thinking. Tracy's__________made this possible.
Implicit memory
Which of the following is true of Carl Jung's analytical psychology theory?
It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes.
Which of the following statements is true about the learning theory in the context of language development?
It emphasizes the role of imitation and reinforcement in language development in children.
Which of the following is true about maintenance rehearsal?
It involves mentally repeating a list or saying the information to oneself.
Which of the following statements is true about retroactive interference?
It is the interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously.
Which of the following is true of the evolutionary perspective of motivation?
It states that instinctive behaviors are genetically transmitted.
