Us History Chapter 4

The Navigation Acts of the 1650s and 1660s were designed to regulate colonial trade in order to

yield revenues for the Crown and English merchants and divert the colonies' trade from England's competitors and enemies.

Charles II made William Penn the proprietor of a new colony partly

to rid England of Quakers.

After Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691, the defining characteristic of Massachusetts citizenship became

wealth.

King Philip's War (1676) left New England settlers with

a large war debt, a devastated frontier, and an enduring hatred of Indians.

The charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company was unique because it

contained a feature that allowed the government of the company to be located in the colony rather than in England.

The Puritans who founded Massachusetts Bay colony

had not broken completely with the Church of England and had no use for the Separatist beliefs of some of their fellow Englishmen who earlier had founded the Plymouth colony.

English Puritans rejected Catholic rituals and instead emphasized

introspection and a personal relationship with God.

The Halfway Covenant was a

measure instituted by Puritan leaders in 1662 allowing the unconverted children of visible saints to become halfway church members, a measure meant to keep communities as godly as possible.

By the 1680s, New England's religious consensus had weakened to the point that

only 15 percent of adult males were church members in some towns.

By the end of the seventeenth century, colonial commerce was characterized by

strong ties to England due to royal supervision of merchants and shippers, the protection of the British navy, and a healthy flow of imports and exports between the colonies and England.