Chapter 28 Bio Review Questions

26) Which structure(s) consist(s), at least in part, of DNA?

Trypanosoma kinetoplast chlorarachniophytes nucleomorph

8. Which process allows nucleomorphs to be first reduced, and then lost altogether, without the loss of any genetic information from the host cell that ultimately surrounds the nucleomorph? a. horizontal gene transfer b. meiosis c. conjugation d. phagocytosis e. binary fission

a. horizontal gene transfer

52) What provides the best rationale for not classifying the slime molds as fungi? Their A) (DNA &) SSU -rRNA sequences. B) physical appearance. C) choice of habitats. D) reproductive methods. E) nutritional modes.

A) (DNA &) SSU -rRNA sequences.

49) Which two heterotrophic organisms most commonly derive nutrition from endosymbiotic relationships with photosynthetic protists? 1. ciliates 2. slime molds 3. parabasalids 4. reef-building coral animals 5. foraminiferans A) 4 and 5 B) 2 and 4 C) 3 and 4 D) 2 and 3 E) 1 and 2

A) 4 and 5

57) If blue light is the component of the visible spectrum that can penetrate to the greatest depth in water, then what should be expected of photosynthetic protists that survive at great depths? A) They should absorb blue light preferentially. B) They should absorb red light preferentially. C) They should reflect green light preferentially. D) They should absorb white light preferentially. E) They should absorb green light preferentially.

A) They should absorb blue light preferentially.

4) Biologists have discovered the kingdom Protista to be paraphyletic. Which of the following statements is true, and consistent with this conclusion? A) Various combinations of prokaryotic ancestors gave rise to different lineages of protists. B) Animals, plants, and fungi arose from different protistan ancestors. C) Multicellularity has evolved only once among the protists. D) Chloroplasts among various protists are similar to those found in prokaryotes. E) The protists arose from a common ancestor that was a parabasalid.

A) Various combinations of prokaryotic ancestors gave rise to different lineages of protists.

48) Thread-like pseudopods that can perform phagocytosis are generally characteristic of which group? A) cercozoans B) gymnamoebas C) entamoebas D) amoeboid stage of cellular slime molds E) oomycetes

A) cercozoans

10) The chloroplasts of modern plants are thought to have been derived according to which sequence? A) cyanobacteria → green algae → green plants B) cyanobacteria → green algae → fungi → green plants C) red algae → brown algae → green algae → green plants D) red algae → cyanobacteria → green plants E) cyanobacteria → red algae → green algae → green plants

A) cyanobacteria → green algae → green plants

21) Which of the following groups does not include many planktonic species? A) kinetoplastids. B) foraminferans. C) diatoms. D) dinoflagellates. E) radiolarians.

A) kinetoplastids.

50) Which of the following produce the dense glassy ooze of the deep-ocean floor? A) radiolarians B) apicomplexans C) dinoflagellates D) forams E) ciliates

A) radiolarians

13) The current state of the revision of "protistan" taxonomy is an example of which feature of good scientific practice? A) the need to suspend judgment until enough evidence is available to make an informed decision B)base conclusions on controlled, repeatable experiments. C)be willing to change, or drop, one's hypotheses when the data warrant it. D)avoid sampling techniques that can introduce bias. E)Both A and C are correct

A) the need to suspend judgment until enough evidence is available to make an informed decision

Choose the nutritional mode that is primarily employed by each of the protists listed below. A. autotrophic B. mixotrophic C. heterotrophic (by absorption) D. heterotrophic (by ingestion) 36) Diatoms

A. autotrophic

Choose the organism from the list below that best fits each of the following descriptions. A. euglenozoans B. Chlamydomonas C. dinoflagellates D. stramenopiles E. diplomonads 62) have one normal and one crystalline-rod-containing flagellum

A. euglenozoans

24) Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins? 1. Plasmodium 2. Trichomonas 3. Paramecium 4. Trypanosoma 5. Entamoeba A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 4 C) 2 and 3 D) 2 and 4 E) 4 and 5

B) 1 and 4

47) Theoretically, which two of the following present the richest potential sources of silica? 1. marine sediments consisting of foram tests 2. diatomaceous earth 3. marine sediments consisting of radiolarian tests 4. marine sediments consisting of dinoflagellate plates A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 4 C) 2 and 3 D) 2 and 4 E) 3 and 4

C) 2 and 3

54) What makes certain red algae appear red? A) They live in warm coastal waters. B) They possess pigments (phycoerythrin) which reflects and transmits red light. C) They use red light for photosynthesis. D) They lack chlorophyll. E) They contain the water-soluble pigment anthocyanin.

B) They possess pigments (phycoerythrin) which reflects and transmits red light.

58) Members of the green algae often differ from members of the plant kingdom in that some green algae A) are heterotrophs. B) are unicellular. C) have chlorophyll a. D) store carbohydrates as starch. E) have cell walls containing cellulose.

B) are unicellular.

41) A certain unicellular eukaryote has a siliceous (glasslike) shell and autotrophic nutrition. To which group does it belong? A) dinoflagellate B) diatom C) gymnamoeba D) foraminiferan E) cellular slime mold

B) diatom

25) Which of the following marine organisms produce potent neurotoxins that cause extensive fish kills, contaminate shellfish, and create severe respiratory irritation to humans along the shore? A) red algae B) dinoflagellates C) diplomonads D) euglenids E) golden algae

B) dinoflagellates

51) A snail-like, coiled, porous shell of calcium carbonate is characteristic of which group? A) diatoms B) foraminiferans C) radiolarians D) gymnamoebas E) ciliates

B) foraminiferans

6) According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate? A) from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for oxygen-using metabolism B) from engulfed, originally free-living prokaryotes C) by tertiary endosymbiosis D) from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes E) when a protoeukaryote engaged in a symbiotic relationship with a protobiont

B) from engulfed, originally free-living prokaryotes

35) Which of these groups consist of parasitic flagellated cells, such as Trypanosoma, the organism that causes sleeping sickness? A) metazoans B) kinetoplastids C) diatoms D) brown algae E) ciliates

B) kinetoplastids

5) The strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles is the similarity between extant prokaryotes and which of the following? A) nuclei and chloroplasts B) mitochondria and chloroplasts C) cilia and mitochondria D) mitochondria and nuclei E) mitochondria and cilia

B) mitochondria and chloroplasts

19) Which protists form colorful multinucleate masses? A) euglenids B) plasmodial slime molds C) cellular slime molds D) forams E) water molds

B) plasmodial slime molds

34) The Irish Potato Famine (from potato blight) was caused by a mildew that belongs to which group? A) bacterium B) stramenopile C) foraminiferan D) apicomplexan E) virus

B) stramenopile

Choose the organism from the list below that best fits each of the following descriptions. A. euglenozoans B. Chlamydomonas C. dinoflagellates D. stramenopiles E. diplomonads 60) have two identical, functional flagella, roughly parallel to each other and emerging from about the same site

B. Chlamydomonas

Choose the nutritional mode that is primarily employed by each of the protists listed below. A. autotrophic B. mixotrophic C. heterotrophic (by absorption) D. heterotrophic (by ingestion) 38) phagocytic euglenids that possess functional chloroplasts

B. mixotrophic

14) A mixotroph loses its plastids yet continues to survive. Which of the following most likely accounts for its continued survival? A) It relies on photosystems that float freely in its cytosol. B) It must have gained extra mitochondria when it lost its plastids. C) It engulfs organic material by phagocytosis. D) It has an endospore. E) It is protected by a siliceous case.

C) It engulfs organic material by phagocytosis.

Choose the organism from the list below that best fits each of the following descriptions. A. euglenozoans B. Chlamydomonas C. dinoflagellates D. stramenopiles E. diplomonads 59) have one hairy and one smooth flagellum

D. stramenopiles

56) A biologist discovers an alga that is marine, multicellular, and lives at a depth reached only by blue light. This alga probably belongs to which group? A) brown algae B) golden algae C) red algae D) green algae E) dinoflagellates

C) red algae

Choose the organism from the list below that best fits each of the following descriptions. A. euglenozoans B. Chlamydomonas C. dinoflagellates D. stramenopiles E. diplomonads 63) have one flagellum oriented at 90 degrees to the second flagellum

C. dinoflagellates

Choose the nutritional mode that is primarily employed by each of the protists listed below. A. autotrophic B. mixotrophic C. heterotrophic (by absorption) D. heterotrophic (by ingestion) 37) Oomycetes

C. heterotrophic (by absorption)

27) A paramecium is a Cilate

Cilate

3) Which of the following statements concerning living phytoplanktonic organisms are true? 1. They are important members of communities surrounding deep-sea hydrothermal vents. 2. They are important primary producers in most aquatic food webs. 3. They are important in maintaining oxygen in Earth's seas and atmosphere. 4. They are most often found growing in the sediments of seas and oceans. 5. They can be so concentrated that they affect the color of seawater. A) 1 and 4 B) 1, 2, and 4 C) 2, 3, and 4 D) 2, 3, and 5 E) 3, 4, and 5

D) 2, 3, and 5

12) The goal in classifying organisms should be to create categories that reflect the evolutionary histories of organisms. What system would be best to use? A) a three-kingdom classification system B) a five-kingdom classification system C) an eight-kingdom classification system D) a system that uses as many kingdoms as necessary to be accurate E) a system that returns to that used by Linnaeus

D) a system that uses as many kingdoms as necessary to be accurate

44) The largest seaweeds such as kelp belong to which group? A) cyanobacteria B) red algae C) green algae D) brown algae E) golden algae

D) brown algae

32) Which process results in genetic recombination, but is separate from the process wherein the population size of paramecium increases? A) budding B) meiotic division C) mitotic division D) conjugation E) binary fission

D) conjugation

45) A large seaweed that floats freely on the surface of deep bodies of water would be expected to lack which of the following? A) thalli B) bladders C) blades D) holdfasts E) none of the above

D) holdfasts

40) which of the following is correctly described as a primary producer? A. oomycete B. kinetoplastid C. apicomplexan D. diatom E. radiolarian

D. diatom

Choose the nutritional mode that is primarily employed by each of the protists listed below. A. autotrophic B. mixotrophic C. heterotrophic (by absorption) D. heterotrophic (by ingestion) 39) amoebozoans that do not possess endosymbionts

D. heterotrophic (by ingestion)

11) The evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes probably A) occurred many times. B) allowed for the formation of both complexity and multicellularity. C) involved endosymbiosis on multiple occasions. D) B and C only E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

22) Organisms classified as Euglenozoa have previously been classified as protozoans, protista, plants, and animals. Why the confusion? A) Like protozoans, they are unicellular. B) Like animals, many are heterotrophic. C) Like plants, many are photosynthetic. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

7) Which of the following statements is consistent with the hypothesis that certain eukaryotic organelles originated as prokaryotic endosymbionts? Such organelles A) are roughly the same size as bacteria. B) can be cultured on agar since they make all their own proteins. C) contain circular DNA molecules. D) have ribosomes that are similar to those of bacteria. E) A, C, and D

E) A, C, and D

1) Protists are alike in that all are A) multicellular. B) photosynthetic. C) marine. D) nonparasitic. E) Eukaryotic

E) Eukaryotic

46) The following are all characteristic of the water molds (Oomycota) except A) the presence of filamentous feeding structures. B) flagellated cells. C) a nutritional mode that can result in the decomposition of dead organic matter. D) they possess cell walls of cellulose. E) a feeding plasmodium.

E) a feeding plasmodium.

9) Which organisms represent the common ancestor of all photosynthetic plastids found in eukaryotes? A) autotrophic euglenids B) diatoms C) dinoflagellates D) red algae E) cyanobacteria

E) cyanobacteria

53) Which taxonomic group containing eukaryotic organisms is thought to be directly ancestral to the plant kingdom? A) golden algae B) apicomplexans C) foraminiferans D) radiolarians E) green algae

E) green algae

Choose the organism from the list below that best fits each of the following descriptions. A. euglenozoans B. Chlamydomonas C. dinoflagellates D. stramenopiles E. diplomonads 61) possess more than two identical, functional flagella

E. diplomonads

30) Which of the following statements concerning protists is false? a. All protists are eukaryotic organisms; many are unicellular or colonial. b. The organism that causes malaria is transmitted to humans by the bite of the tsetse fly. c. All apicomplexans are parasitic. d. Cellular slime molds have an amoeboid stage that may be followed by a stage during which spores are produced. e. The euglenozoans that are functionally mixotrophic contain chloroplasts.

b. The organism that causes malaria is transmitted to humans by the bite of the tsetse fly.

15) Biologists suspect that endosymbiosis gave rise to mitochondria before plastids partly because a. the products of photosynthesis could not be metabolized without mitochondrial enzymes. b. almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria, whereas only autotrophic eukaryotes generally have plastids. c. mitochondrial DNA is less similar to prokaryotic DNA than is plastid DNA. d. without mitochondrial CO2 production, photosynthesis could not occur. e. mitochondrial proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes, whereas plastids utilize their own ribosomes.

b. almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria, whereas only autotrophic eukaryotes generally have plastids.

29) Which group(s) within the Alveolata include(s) members that are important in ocean food webs, cause(s) red tides that kill many fish, and may even be carnivorous? a. ciliates b. apicomplexans c. Dinoflagellates d. A and B only e. A,B, and C

c. Dinoflagellates

23) When a protist possesses two flagella, both are generally used for propulsion. Assuming that a flagellum containing a crystalline rod cannot undulate back and forth, and assuming that two undulatory flagella can produce more effective locomotion than can a single flagellum, which of these organisms should have the least effective locomotion? a. golden algae b. dinoflagellates c. Euglenids d. Chlamydomonas e. oomycetes

c. Euglenids

33) Why is the filamentous morphology of the water molds considered a case of convergent evolution with the hyphae of fungi? a. Fungi are closely related to the water molds. b. Body shape reflects ancestor-descendant relationships among organisms. c. Filamentous shape is an adaptation for a nutritional mode as a decomposer. d. Hyphae and filaments are necessary for locomotion in both groups. e. Filamentous body shape is evolutionarily primitive for all eukaryotes.

c. Filamentous shape is an adaptation for a nutritional mode as a decomposer.

31) Which of the following is not characteristic of ciliates? a. They use cilia as locomotory structures or as feeding structures. b. They are relatively complex cells. c. They can exchange genetic material with other ciliates by the process of mitosis. d. Most live as solitary cells in fresh water. e. They have two or more nuclei.

c. They can exchange genetic material with other ciliates by the process of mitosis.

43) Concerning diatoms' potential use as drug-delivery systems, which anatomical feature would seem to be most important? a. their ability to withstand immense pressure b. the chemical composition of their cell walls c. the porous nature of their cell walls d. the chemical composition of their food-storage material e. the nuclear envelope

c. the porous nature of their cell walls

28) Which of these groups includes multicellular organisms? choanoflagellates

choanoflagellates

17) In ciliates, the process that produces genetic variation through the exchange of nuclei is a. mixotrophy. b. endosymbiosis. c. meiosis. d. conjugation. e. binary fission

d. conjugation.

20.Assuming that all of the flagella found among the various types of protists require the same amount of ATP per unit time to operate, and assuming that all of an individual protist's flagella are in use simultaneously, then which of these protists should use the greatest amount of ATP per unit time to move about? a. Chlamydomonas b. dinoflagellates c. euglenids d. diplomonads e. golden algae

d. diplomonads

55) The structure and biochemistry of chloroplasts in red algae are most like the structure and biochemistry of chloroplasts in which of the following organisms? a. golden algae b. diatoms c. dinoflagellates d. green algae e. brown algae

d. green algae

18) In life cycles with an alternation of generations, multicellular haploid forms alternate with a. unicellular haploid forms. b. unicellular diploid forms. c. multicellular haploid forms. d. multicellular diploid forms. e. multicellular polyploid forms.

d. multicellular diploid forms.

42) Which of the following are actual mutualistic partnerships that involve a protist and a host organism? a. green alga: fungal partner of lichen b. dinoflagellate : reef-building coral animal c. Trichomonas : human d. alga : certain foraminiferans e. A, B, and D

e. A, B, and D

2) All of the following groups had taxonomic significance in the past, but only one is now considered to be a diverse clade. Which group is it? a. algae b. protist c. protozoa d. monera e. Euglenozoa

e. Euglenozoa

16) Dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates are placed in the clade Alveolata because they all a. have flagella or cilia. b. are parasites of animals. c. are found exclusively in freshwater or marine habitats. d. have mitochondria. e. have membrane-bounded sacs under their plasma membrane

e. have membrane-bounded sacs under their plasma membrane