chapter 3
which organelle primarily functions to package or regulate the production of h2o2
peroxisome
in plants, chloroplasts are necessary for
photosynthesis
which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell
plasma membrane
A researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Under the microscope, she observes what appear to be living cells in the water. If these indeed are living cells, what type of cell would they most likely be?
prokaryotic, archaea
Ribosomes are composed of
proteins and RNA
which of the following cell organelles is a good target for antibacterial drugs
ribosomes
If an active cell produces an important protein for secretion, what is the correct sequence of organelles that are involved in the production of the protein?
ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus
Proteins are processed and modified in the interior of the
rough endoplasmic reticulum
during photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the chloroplasts. the process is represented by
Solar energy + Carbon dioxide + Water → Carbohydrate + Oxygen
mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner-filled space is called the matrix, which contains ___ that break down carbohydrate products, releasing ___ to be used for ATP production
Enzymes/Energy (matrix has DNA, RNA, & ribosomes but they don't breakdown carbs)
Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration, all living cells must contain mitochondria. True or False?
False (Prokaryotic cells do cellular respiration w/o mitochondria)
Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell?
Golgi apparatus
within eukaryotic cells, which organelle is surrouned by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis
nucleus
Cell theory states
all organisms are composed of cells
the endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotic cells became some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. which of the following supports this theory?
all- mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and structure, mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own dna, the dna of mitochondria and chloroplasts is a circular loop like that of prokaryotes, the ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts resembles those of prokaryotes
which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton
anchors organelles in a place within a cell
which of the following is true concerning cell theory
anton van leeuwenhoek is recognized for making som of the earliest microscopes
Centrioles
are short cylinders of microtubules surrounding a hollow center
surface area to volume ratios indicate
as cells get larger, their surface area gets larger but at a slower rate than the volume increases.
which of the following cells were most likely the first type of cells Earth
bacteria
which of the following is a prokaryotic cell
bacterium
you are investigating a cell under a microscope ad you realize the cell is missing ribosomes. based on what you know about ribosomes the cell would
be unable to synthesize proteins
which type of cells will have modifications that increase the surface area to volume ratio
cells that specialize in absorption
which of the following structure(s) is/are only found in a plant cell
chloroplast
which organelle will give of oxygen and use up carbon dioxide in plants?
chloroplast
which organelle will take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen and water
chloroplast
which of these is unique to plant cells
chloroplasts
thylakoids and cristae are, respectively, structures of
chloroplasts and mitochondria
Which nuclear structure(s) contain(s) the hereditary material?
chromatin
which organelles have a 9+2 pattern of microtubules
cilia and flagella
the nucleolus
contains RNA and is found in the nucleus
according to the endosymbiotic theoy, early eukariotic cells became the mitochondria and chloroplasts found in the prokaryotic cells
false
actin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules are all similar in that each is composed of a single type of protein
false
all cells must have centrioles in order to divide via mitosis or meiosis
false
the primary plant cell wall and the bacterial cell wall are both composed of peptidoglycan
false
Microtubules
form a spindle that distributes chromosomes in an orderly manner
which of the following would be a function of the peroxisomes
help germinating seeds convert fatty acids into molecules that can be converted to sugars
When a lysosome fuses with a vacuole,
its contents are digested.
Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell
lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.
Tay-Sachs is a serious childhood metabolic disorder where ____ fail to digest certain lipids.
lysosomes
Kinesin and dynein are associated with
microtubules
which organelle has 13 rows of tubulin dimers around an empty central core
microtubules
When viewed through a microscope, one characteristic of living cells is that their internal structures move. What organelles are most directly responsible for this motion we see?
mitochondria and cytoskeleton
"powerhouse" of the cell is
mitochondrion
cellular respiration is most closely associated with
mitochondrion
the motor molecules associated within actin filaments in muscle cells are called
myosin
Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both
need ATP for energy.
According to cell theory
new cells arise only from preexisting cells.
Ribosomal RNA is produced in the
nucleolus
which of the following is the largest eukaryotic organelle
nucleus
in some bacteria, the outermost layer is a gelatinous sheath known as
the capsule
if the chloroplast is the result of endosymbiosis which membrane of the chloroplast represents the plasma membrane of the original prokaryote
the inner chloroplast membrane
if the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, which membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle
the outer mitochondrial membrane
the golgi apparatus directs its protein products to the correct location in the cell based on
the specific molecule that is added and the molecule determines the destination in or out of the cell (the "zip code").
where are the pigments and toxins stored in plant cells
vacuole
which of the following is a correct association of cell organelles and function
vacuole-storage of chemicals