chapter 3

which organelle primarily functions to package or regulate the production of h2o2

peroxisome

in plants, chloroplasts are necessary for

photosynthesis

which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell

plasma membrane

A researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Under the microscope, she observes what appear to be living cells in the water. If these indeed are living cells, what type of cell would they most likely be?

prokaryotic, archaea

Ribosomes are composed of

proteins and RNA

which of the following cell organelles is a good target for antibacterial drugs

ribosomes

If an active cell produces an important protein for secretion, what is the correct sequence of organelles that are involved in the production of the protein?

ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus

Proteins are processed and modified in the interior of the

rough endoplasmic reticulum

during photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the chloroplasts. the process is represented by

Solar energy + Carbon dioxide + Water → Carbohydrate + Oxygen

mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner-filled space is called the matrix, which contains ___ that break down carbohydrate products, releasing ___ to be used for ATP production

Enzymes/Energy (matrix has DNA, RNA, & ribosomes but they don't breakdown carbs)

Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration, all living cells must contain mitochondria. True or False?

False (Prokaryotic cells do cellular respiration w/o mitochondria)

Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell?

Golgi apparatus

within eukaryotic cells, which organelle is surrouned by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis

nucleus

Cell theory states

all organisms are composed of cells

the endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotic cells became some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. which of the following supports this theory?

all- mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and structure, mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own dna, the dna of mitochondria and chloroplasts is a circular loop like that of prokaryotes, the ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts resembles those of prokaryotes

which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton

anchors organelles in a place within a cell

which of the following is true concerning cell theory

anton van leeuwenhoek is recognized for making som of the earliest microscopes

Centrioles

are short cylinders of microtubules surrounding a hollow center

surface area to volume ratios indicate

as cells get larger, their surface area gets larger but at a slower rate than the volume increases.

which of the following cells were most likely the first type of cells Earth

bacteria

which of the following is a prokaryotic cell

bacterium

you are investigating a cell under a microscope ad you realize the cell is missing ribosomes. based on what you know about ribosomes the cell would

be unable to synthesize proteins

which type of cells will have modifications that increase the surface area to volume ratio

cells that specialize in absorption

which of the following structure(s) is/are only found in a plant cell

chloroplast

which organelle will give of oxygen and use up carbon dioxide in plants?

chloroplast

which organelle will take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen and water

chloroplast

which of these is unique to plant cells

chloroplasts

thylakoids and cristae are, respectively, structures of

chloroplasts and mitochondria

Which nuclear structure(s) contain(s) the hereditary material?

chromatin

which organelles have a 9+2 pattern of microtubules

cilia and flagella

the nucleolus

contains RNA and is found in the nucleus

according to the endosymbiotic theoy, early eukariotic cells became the mitochondria and chloroplasts found in the prokaryotic cells

false

actin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules are all similar in that each is composed of a single type of protein

false

all cells must have centrioles in order to divide via mitosis or meiosis

false

the primary plant cell wall and the bacterial cell wall are both composed of peptidoglycan

false

Microtubules

form a spindle that distributes chromosomes in an orderly manner

which of the following would be a function of the peroxisomes

help germinating seeds convert fatty acids into molecules that can be converted to sugars

When a lysosome fuses with a vacuole,

its contents are digested.

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.

Tay-Sachs is a serious childhood metabolic disorder where ____ fail to digest certain lipids.

lysosomes

Kinesin and dynein are associated with

microtubules

which organelle has 13 rows of tubulin dimers around an empty central core

microtubules

When viewed through a microscope, one characteristic of living cells is that their internal structures move. What organelles are most directly responsible for this motion we see?

mitochondria and cytoskeleton

"powerhouse" of the cell is

mitochondrion

cellular respiration is most closely associated with

mitochondrion

the motor molecules associated within actin filaments in muscle cells are called

myosin

Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both

need ATP for energy.

According to cell theory

new cells arise only from preexisting cells.

Ribosomal RNA is produced in the

nucleolus

which of the following is the largest eukaryotic organelle

nucleus

in some bacteria, the outermost layer is a gelatinous sheath known as

the capsule

if the chloroplast is the result of endosymbiosis which membrane of the chloroplast represents the plasma membrane of the original prokaryote

the inner chloroplast membrane

if the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, which membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle

the outer mitochondrial membrane

the golgi apparatus directs its protein products to the correct location in the cell based on

the specific molecule that is added and the molecule determines the destination in or out of the cell (the "zip code").

where are the pigments and toxins stored in plant cells

vacuole

which of the following is a correct association of cell organelles and function

vacuole-storage of chemicals