Chapter 3

As a cell decreases in size, its surface-area-to-volume ratio

increases

Molecules that do not contain carbon in long chains or rings are

Inorganic

Scientist have identified a mutation in an isolated community in central Africa that prevents individuals from detoxifying harmful organic molecules, leading to a high percentage of people who become ill after consuming alcohol. What cellular organelles does this mutation most likely affect the most?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are all major types of

Organic compounds

Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to.

Separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm

The principal role for sugars in living things is to

Serve as a form of immediate cellular energy

Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells in their organelles to move

cytoskeleton

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium-a single cell organism. The best device to do this would be a(n)

Light microscope

Which of the following is a true statement about proteins?

Proteins are used to produce many types of hormones.

Which of the following is the correct sequence through the Endomembrane system for material destined to be secreted from the cell

Rough endoplasmic reticulum- Golgi apparatus- plasma membrane

biomolecules are polymers that are formed when ______ are joined by a ______ reaction

monomers, dehydration synthesis

The simplest of carbohydrates are

monosaccharides

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma, membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information the cell would be a

bacterial cell

The _______ is located outside the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell

capsule

Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls

carbohydrate

Chloroplast and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA

Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

Act as the control center of the cell

Proteins are made of long chains of

Amino acids

When a person orders a cheeseburger with lettuce, tomatoes, and mayonnaise, which of the following would be a true statement about the nutritional intake

Amino acids can be obtained from the hamburger patty

Mitochondria and chloroplast are similar in that they both ________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts,_______.

Are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?

Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

These are small whiplike structures that are involved in the movement

Flagella

Glycogen is a ____made of many _______

Polymer; glucose molecules

The Endomembrane system consist of all of the following except

The cell wall

Which of the following is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share.

They are made of repeated monomer units.

Which of the following moves materials between the organelles of the Endomembrane system

Vesicles

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

glucose

Insoluble in water due to hydrocarbon chains

lipid

Steroids, such as cholesterol and sex hormones

lipid

Which of the following is a correct match

lysosomes - cellular digestion

The cell walls of bacterial cells and plant cells function in

maintaining cell shape

Composed of nucleotides

nucleic acids

Which of the following structures would not be found only in a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

plasma membrane

Which feature is found in all cells

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Plant cells are connected to one another by

plasmodesmata

Keratin, found in hair, fingernails, horns, and feathers

protein

Which of these structures is the site of protein synthesis?

ribosome

Which of the following can be viewed only with an electron microscope

virus

A triglyceride contains

Glycerol and three fatty acids

Which of the following is not part of the cytoskeleton?

Ribosomes

Which of the following is found in a plant cell, but not in an animal cell

Chloroplast

Which of the following is an organic molecule

C6H12O6

Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?

CaCO3

List 4 class of organic molecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that inhibits the function of bacterial ribosomes. Consequently, as the bacteria cells die, the person taking the antibiotics gets better. In other words, the antibiotic that destroys bacteria by.

Not allowing them to produce proteins

All cells have some characteristics in common both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA

The majority of ATP needed by the cell is produced by the

mitochondria

Due to the lack of an enzyme to break down lipids, excess accumulation of lipids in the brain leads to a human disease called Tay-Sachs syndrome. the organelle(s) most likely to lack the proper enzyme needed for lipid breakdowns are/is

Lysosomes

Centrioles are made of

Microtubules

Which of the following is not found in a prokaryotic cell

Mitochondria

Which organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell actively swimming toward an egg cell

Mitochondria

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle and its function

Mitochondrion- cellular respiration

An amino acid is to protein as a _______ is to a nucleic acid

Nucleotide

The nucleus has a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus, the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes. To exit the nucleolus, these molecules must.

Pass through pores that span both membranes

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all, but a few molecules with specific traits, it is necessary for other molecules to_________

Pass through the membrane via proteins

Which of the following determines the chemical reactivity of biological molecules

Functional groups

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through

a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.

The plasma membrane is said to be a fluid-mosaic model because it contains

a mosaic of proteins suspended within a phospholipid bilayer

Which of the following is a correct matching of an organelle and its function

mitochondrion - cellular respiration