Chapter 3
As a cell decreases in size, its surface-area-to-volume ratio
increases
Molecules that do not contain carbon in long chains or rings are
Inorganic
Scientist have identified a mutation in an isolated community in central Africa that prevents individuals from detoxifying harmful organic molecules, leading to a high percentage of people who become ill after consuming alcohol. What cellular organelles does this mutation most likely affect the most?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are all major types of
Organic compounds
Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to.
Separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm
The principal role for sugars in living things is to
Serve as a form of immediate cellular energy
Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells in their organelles to move
cytoskeleton
Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium-a single cell organism. The best device to do this would be a(n)
Light microscope
Which of the following is a true statement about proteins?
Proteins are used to produce many types of hormones.
Which of the following is the correct sequence through the Endomembrane system for material destined to be secreted from the cell
Rough endoplasmic reticulum- Golgi apparatus- plasma membrane
biomolecules are polymers that are formed when ______ are joined by a ______ reaction
monomers, dehydration synthesis
The simplest of carbohydrates are
monosaccharides
A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma, membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information the cell would be a
bacterial cell
The _______ is located outside the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell
capsule
Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls
carbohydrate
Chloroplast and mitochondria are similar in that they both
contain DNA
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
Act as the control center of the cell
Proteins are made of long chains of
Amino acids
When a person orders a cheeseburger with lettuce, tomatoes, and mayonnaise, which of the following would be a true statement about the nutritional intake
Amino acids can be obtained from the hamburger patty
Mitochondria and chloroplast are similar in that they both ________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts,_______.
Are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells
Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?
Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
These are small whiplike structures that are involved in the movement
Flagella
Glycogen is a ____made of many _______
Polymer; glucose molecules
The Endomembrane system consist of all of the following except
The cell wall
Which of the following is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share.
They are made of repeated monomer units.
Which of the following moves materials between the organelles of the Endomembrane system
Vesicles
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
glucose
Insoluble in water due to hydrocarbon chains
lipid
Steroids, such as cholesterol and sex hormones
lipid
Which of the following is a correct match
lysosomes - cellular digestion
The cell walls of bacterial cells and plant cells function in
maintaining cell shape
Composed of nucleotides
nucleic acids
Which of the following structures would not be found only in a eukaryotic cell?
nucleus
What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?
plasma membrane
Which feature is found in all cells
plasma membrane composed of phospholipids
Plant cells are connected to one another by
plasmodesmata
Keratin, found in hair, fingernails, horns, and feathers
protein
Which of these structures is the site of protein synthesis?
ribosome
Which of the following can be viewed only with an electron microscope
virus
A triglyceride contains
Glycerol and three fatty acids
Which of the following is not part of the cytoskeleton?
Ribosomes
Which of the following is found in a plant cell, but not in an animal cell
Chloroplast
Which of the following is an organic molecule
C6H12O6
Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?
CaCO3
List 4 class of organic molecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that inhibits the function of bacterial ribosomes. Consequently, as the bacteria cells die, the person taking the antibiotics gets better. In other words, the antibiotic that destroys bacteria by.
Not allowing them to produce proteins
All cells have some characteristics in common both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have
cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA
The majority of ATP needed by the cell is produced by the
mitochondria
Due to the lack of an enzyme to break down lipids, excess accumulation of lipids in the brain leads to a human disease called Tay-Sachs syndrome. the organelle(s) most likely to lack the proper enzyme needed for lipid breakdowns are/is
Lysosomes
Centrioles are made of
Microtubules
Which of the following is not found in a prokaryotic cell
Mitochondria
Which organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell actively swimming toward an egg cell
Mitochondria
Which of the following correctly matches an organelle and its function
Mitochondrion- cellular respiration
An amino acid is to protein as a _______ is to a nucleic acid
Nucleotide
The nucleus has a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus, the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes. To exit the nucleolus, these molecules must.
Pass through pores that span both membranes
Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all, but a few molecules with specific traits, it is necessary for other molecules to_________
Pass through the membrane via proteins
Which of the following determines the chemical reactivity of biological molecules
Functional groups
As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through
a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.
The plasma membrane is said to be a fluid-mosaic model because it contains
a mosaic of proteins suspended within a phospholipid bilayer
Which of the following is a correct matching of an organelle and its function
mitochondrion - cellular respiration