Chapter 3 Additional Notes

How does the density of the metal in the crushed can compare with the density of the metal before the can was crushed?

The density before and after the change is the same because density is a characteristic property of matter.

When this can was crushed, did it undergo a physical change or a chemical change?

a physical change

The volume of a liquid can be expressed in all of the following units expressed in all of the following units EXCEPT A) grams B) liters C) milliliters D) cubic centimeters

A. grams

Which of the following statements about density is true? A) Density is expressed in grams B) Density is mass per unit volume C) Density is expressed in milliliters D) Density is a chemical property

B. Density is mass per unit volume

Which of the following properties is NOT a chemical property? A) reactivity with oxygen B) malleability C) flammability D) reactivity with acid

B. malleability

The best way to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped solid is to A) use a ruler to measure the length of each side of the object B )weigh the solid on a balance C) use the water displacement method D) use a spring scale

C. use the water displacement method

List three characteristic properties of matter.

Characteristic properties include density, solubility, reactivity with acid, melting point, and boiling point.

The SI unit for the mass of a substance is the A) gram B) liter C) milliliter D) kilogram

D or A

Which of the following statements about weight is true? A) Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object. B) Weight varies depending on where the object is located in relation to the earth. C) Weight is measured by using a spring scale D) All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a physical property of a piece of chalk? A) Chalk is a solid B) Chalk can be broken into pieces C) Chalk is white D) Chalk will bubble in vinegar

D. Chalk will bubble in vinegar

What is the formula for calculating density?

Density =mass/volume

Analyzing Ideas: You may sometimes hear on the radio or on TV that astronauts are weightless in space. Explain why this statement is not true.

Example: An astronaut weighs less in space than on Earth because of the astronaut's increased distance from Earth. But, an astronaut is not weightless because there are still gravitational forces between the astronaut and all other objects in the universe.

Analyzing Processes: You are making breakfast for your friend Filbert. When you take the scrambled eggs to the table, he asks, "Would you please poach these eggs instead?" What scientific reason do you give Filbert for not changing his eggs?

Example: Cooking eggs involves a chemical change. I cannot change the cooked eggs back to raw eggs in order to poach them.

Identifying Relationships: You look out your bedroom window and see your new neighbor moving in. Your neighbor bends over to pick up a small cardboard box, but he cannot lift it. What can you conclude about the item(s) in the box? Use the terms mass and inertia to explain how you came to your conclusion.

Example: If my neighbor has trouble lifting a small box, I would conclude that the box's inertia is large. The box resists my neighbor's attempt to move it. A large inertia means that the mass of the contents of the box is large.

How does inertia and mass differ?

Example: Mass is a measure of inertia. The more mass an object has, the more inertia it has.

How does mass and weight differ.?

Example: Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is always constant. Weight is a measure of the gravitational force, and weight will change, depending on the object's distance from the earth or other celestial bodies.

Use the following terms in a separate sentence:physical property, chemical property, physical change, and chemical change.

Example: Physical properties of a substance include color, shape, and density. Flammability is a chemical property of matter. Sugar dissolving in water is an example of a physical change. When a piece of iron metal russ it is undergoing a chemical change.

Applying Concepts: Develop a set of questions that would be useful when identifying an unknown substance. The substance may be a liquid, a gas, or a solid.

Example: Size, shape, color, weight, density,state, and odor

In one or two sentences, explain how the process of measuring the volume of a liquid differs from the process of measuring the volume of a solid.

Example: The volume of a liquid can be measured by pouring it into a graduated cylinder and reading the scale at the bottom of meniscus. The volume of a rectangular solid can be determined by multiplying the object's length, width, and height. The volume of an irregular solid can be measured by measuring water displacement.

How does volume and density differ?

Example: Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object, and density is the amount of mass in a given volume.

List three physical properties of this aluminum can.

Example: crushed shape, somewhat shiny, and metallic

Can you tell what the chemical properties of the can are by looking at the picture? explain your answer.

N, chemical properties cannot be determined simply by looking at a substance. Chemical properties can only be observed when a chemical change might occur.