Chapter 3- Africa
Which 3 were in West Africa?
Djenne, Timbuktu, Gao
How was East Africa different from West Africa politically?
East- controlled by a series of independent city-states West- controlled by larger kingdoms
How did the Songhai empire come to an end?
Internal revolts with the family weakened it and was eventually attacked by Moroccans
What did the city-states of East Africa have in common culturally?
Islam and Swahili
Why was the camel important to the trans-Saharan trade? ^^
Its biological advantages made regular long-distance trade in the Sahara possible.
Which Swahili city-state came to dominate the southern part of the coast, trading in gold with Sofala? ^^
Kilwa
The Mali Empire went into decline after the death of which powerful ruler?
Mansa Musa
Usually, where did the supply of slaves come from in Africa?
The interior of Africa and prisoners of attacks
In addition to gold and salt, what two other types of goods were regularly exported from Africa? ^^
textiles and enslaved people
What was the source of most of the enslaved people who were traded on the Swahili coast? ^^
the interior of the African continent
Sundiata Keita founded the Mali empire in 1235. What was the key to his power?
He controlled salt and gold mines, as well as trade routes.
In the mid-fifteenth century, who purchased enslaved people from Mali on the Senegambia coast? ^^
Portuguese
What trade item was produced in the Swahili city-states? ^^
Pottery
Which West African empire replaced Mali?
Songhai
In the 800s, what helped West Africa become more interconnected?
Spread of Islam and the rise of the Empire of Ghana
Who helped overthrow Mali Empire's rule and was also the first king of the Songhai?
Sunni Ali
What is a caravan?
A group of traders traveling together
Which ruler of Songhai expanded it to its greatest size and ruler over a period of prosperity?
Askia Muhammad
Explain why Europeans wanted an increasing number of slaves from Africa?
Exploration and trading began on the coast of Africa
What was the capital of the Songhai Empire? ^^
Gao
List 3 prosperous trading centers in the Niger River Valley.
Gao, Timbuktu, and Djenne
List the 3 empires in order
Ghana, Mali, Songhai
What 2 valuable resources were at the center of West African trade?
Gold and salt
Which 3 are in East Africa?
Mogadishu, Mombasa, Kilwa
Who sought to purchase slaves in East Africa?
Muslim Arabs because they could not enslave other Muslims
Describe trade in East Africa.
Overseas, Seasonal trade that depended on the trade winds, Traded with Arabia, Persia, India, and other city-states, Traded textiles, slaves, gold, salt, and ivory
Why didn't the trading ports of the Swahili coast extend along the full length of the coast of Africa? ^^
The seas there were too rough for the dhows and the monsoon winds too weak.
What key advantage did the Moroccan s have over Songhai during their invasion?
They had guns and cannons provided to them from England
Describe how goods were usually transported out of West Africa to other markets?
Used camels, traveled in caravans, transported to Mediterranean and Egypt
What were 4 of the large port cities along the coast?
Zanzibar, Mogadishu, Mombasa, Kilwa
What caused the Mali Empire to decline?
a series of weak rulers, internal rebellions, and outside attacks
How did the widespread adoption of Islam help facilitate trans-Saharan trade? ^^
by giving Muslim merchants, traders, and caravanners a shared set of customs, laws, traditions, and language
In addition to being a center of trade, what else was Timbuktu known for?
center of Islamic learning and mosques
What were Timbuktu and Djenné renowned as? ^^
centers of Islamic learning and religious scholarship, as well as trans-Saharan trade
What were some of the key exports from Songhai? ^^
kola nuts, salt, and gold