Chapter 3: Assessment (5622)

What is an adaptive behavior scale?

Used to measure the ability of a person with an identified disability, such as mental retardation, to become self-sufficient

What is an observation?

When a teacher watches a student engaged in a learning activity to find evidence of learning

Rating scales typically ask participants to rate an idea or an experience on a number scale or category such as

strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree

Exit tickets provides insight about

students' strengths and challenges regarding new learning

In addition to annual state tests, most _____ are criterion referenced

teacher-made tests

Typically, the public considers only wide-scale, formal assessments to be standardized but district benchmarks may also be considered standardized if....

testing methods are consistent

What is an analytical checklist?

A checklist that outlines criteria of students performance that teachers check off as students show mastery of each required skill

What is an advantage of a formal test?

A great deal of effort went into ensuing that it accurately measures what it claims to measure

What is a conference?

A meeting between teacher and student in which learning is orally assessed and evaluated

What is self-assessment?

A method by which students monitor their own progress towards learning goals

What is a behavior scale?

A scale to gather information about challenging behavior, teacher targets between 1 and 3 behaviors Frequency, duration, and intensity is what is recorded

What are formative assessments used for?

Help teachers monitor students' progress so that instruction can be adjusted to meet the needs of students--typically informal

Example of percentile scores

If a student scores better on a test that 83% of the other students, that student is in the 83rd percentile

What is a raw score?

Indicates the number of questions a student answered correctly

What is an aptitude test?

Tests measure a person's ability to develop a particular skill

What is an achievement test?

Tests that measure acquired knowledge or skills

What is a criterion-referenced test?

Tests that measure students according to performance on preset standards

What is norm-referenced test?

Tests that measure students in comparison with other students of the same age

T/F a test can be reliable even if it is not valid

True

T/F a test is not considered valid if it is not reliable

True

What has to be in places for the test to be valid?

-Test items must be aligned to test foals -Weighting of the questions should be aligned to the depth and significance of each standard -social consequence of how the test is used

What is standardized test?

A test administered to all students in a consistent way and then graded in the same way so that score comparisons may be accurately made.

What is an ability test?

A test that measures a person's ability to perform a particular skill

Examples of well known achievement tests

ACT, Iowa Test of Basic Skills, STAR Early Literacy

What are summative assessments used for?

After learning occurs-can be formal or informal Accountability purposes and grades

Examples of formal assessments

Annual State Tests, ACT/SAT tests, Wechsler Scales

What is a diagnostic assessment?

Assessments given before a learning experience to measure students' baseline knowledge

What is the mean?

Average score Found by adding all the score together and dividing the sum by number of scores

How are scoring guides similar and different from rubrics?

Both online criteria for quality work and define levels of proficiency--- differ because criterion is weighted with a multiplies

What is analytical scoring?

Breaks down the general categories to be scored into more specific parts.

Anecdotal notes will accompany

Checklists

Examples of ability tests

Cognitive abilities test (CogAT), dexterity tests, typing speed tests, Woodcock-Johnson

What are informal assessments?

Collected in classroom to monitor students performance

What is reliability?

Consistency of similar results if the tests were repeated. A test can be reliable even if it is not valid.

What are some examples of formal diagnostic assessments?

DRA (Developmental Reading Assessment), DIBELS (Dynamic Indicator of Basic Early Learning Skills) and CASI (Comprehension Attitude Strategies Interests

Examples of aptitude tests

Differential Aptitude Tests, and Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery

What is a peer assessment?

Evaluation and feedback among students

Cons of formal assessment?

Expensive, time-consuming and not practical for daily application

What is a rubric?

Fixed scale that measures performance with detailed descriptions of criteria that define each level of performance

Achievement and aptitude tests are examples of what type of assessments?

Formal Assessments

What are diagnostic tests used for?

Formal or informal used to assess student's background knowledge prior to a learning experience

What are grade-equivalent scores?

Found using the average score of students who fall into that grade

What is age-equivalent score?

Found using the average score of students within an age group

What do essay tests give students?

Freedom to creatively articulate their learning at a deep level

What is validity?

It indicates how well an assessment measures what it is intended to measure. A test is not considered valid if it is not reliable

What is standard deviation?

Mathematical calculation that indicates the variability of scores in comparison with the average

What is summative assessment?

May be formal or informal. They evaluate student achievement after learning takes place.

What is a formal assessment?

Measures of progress that are supported by data to be statistically accurate

What is the median?

Middle score if all scores are lined up from least to greatest

Difference between Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced tests

NR-measurer each student's performance in comparison with others the same age CR-used to measure students according to performance on preset standards

When school or state officials want information about how students or school are performing against a national average--what tests are used?

Norm-referenced tests

What is percentile?

Percentile ranks a student in comparison with what percentage of students measured higher and what percentage of students measured lower

What are the forms of student scores?

Raw scores, percentiles, grade equivalents, and/or age equivalents

Examples of adaptive behavior scales

Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R), Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and American Associate on Mental Retardation Adaptive Behavior Scale 2nd edition (AAMR ABS).

What is the mode?

Score that appears most frequently

What is holistic scoring?

Scoring that uses general categories to rate the overall outcome

What is selected-response?

Something called multiple choice. Students choose the best answer from available choices

What is the SMART goal format?

Specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound

What are some examples of informal diagnostic assessments?

Student self-assessments, anticipation guides, KWL chats, and pretests

What is portfolio?

Students collect a variety of artifacts as evidence of learning to be evaluated when using portfolio assessments

Cons of selected response

Students may guess some answers and error analysis is difficult

What is performance?

Students present their learning as teachers watch to assess mastery of learning goals

Example of a test that is reliable but not valid:

Students repeatedly fail a test that is too difficult, this means it is reliable enough to get consistent failing scores, but it is not valid because it is not aligned with what students have learned

Examples of informal assessments

Teacher made tests, anecdotal records, portfolio assessments, error analysis, interest inventories, and project based assessments

What is a scoring guide?

The guide measures performance with detailed descriptions of criteria that define each level of performance and that are weighted with multipliers

What are formal tests used for?

To evaluate student's progress against a statistical average of other students the same ages

What are informal tests used for?

To make daily instructional decisions

What are anecdotal notes?

Written records of the teacher's observation of a student. Records should be specific, objective, and focused on outlined criteria

What is an essay test?

Written responses to questions that provide students the opportunity to fully articulate their learning

What are examples of portfolio assessments?

Written work, photographs of projects and video evidence

Formal achievement tests are used for

accountability and for college admissions

What is a form of assessment that is used to identify students for special education services is the

adaptive behavior scale

Regardless of type of assessment, an assessment will be an accurate measure only if it is

aligned with the instructional objectives and learning activities

Examples of formative assessment

anecdotal records, observation, pop quizzes, ticket out the door (exit ticket), think-pair-share, learning logs, discussion, questioning, signaled responses, and choral responses

What is an anticipation guide?

asks students questions about the content they are about to learn to speak student interest and activate prior knowledge

Learning logs can help teachers

assess students' level of understanding

Peer assessment should be used _____ to prevent ______ or _______ issues.

cautiously, embarrassment, confidentiality

Use of rubrics improves

consistency and reliability

Raw scores have no calculations made directly and they are not...

dependent on how other students score

Norm-Readiness tests are used to

determine school readiness, academic progress, eligibility for special-education services, or college admissions

Advantage of observations

easy to create and thorough

Advantage of performance

easy to create and thorough

Advantage of essay assessment

easy to create, thorough, and provides documentation of student learning

Advantage of selected-response

easy to grade, thorough, and provides documentation of student learning

Formal Assessments are frequently used to make

educational placement decisions and measure effectiveness of educational programs

Informal achievement tests are used by classroom teachers to

evaluate students and assign grades

Informal assessments are used to

help districts, schools, and teachers make informed classroom decisions

Checklists work best in activities that require

incremental mastery of skills like athletics, instrumental music, languages, math fluency, and prereading skills

What is a formative assessment?

informal assessment that are used throughout the learning experiences to help teachers make instructional decisions and to provide feedback to students

Criterion referenced tests may be given as a

pretest and/or post test to indicate students' mastery of the learning objectives

What is continuum

progression of learning

Rating scarers are used to

rate attitudes and opinions on a continuum

Rating scales are used for

self-assessment or peer assessment

Pop quizzes should be used to give

the teacher and student feedback rather than for grades

It is not the tests itself but ____ that determines whether it is valid

the way the test scores are used

Advantage of conferences

thorough

Advantage of portfolio

thorough and provides documentation of student learning

Cons of essay test

time-consuming in taking and grading

Rubrics work best with

writing, projects, and performance-based learning activities

Analytical checklists answers simply with _____ or _____ questions regarding whether students have accomplished learning goals

yes, no