Chapter 3: Behavioral School of Management Theory

Why was Mayo's Hawthorne experiment relevant to behavioral management theory? A. Because it proved that there was increased productivity if the workers felt the management was interested in their well-being. B. Because it proved that only workers that are paid well enough will be productive workers. C. Because it supported Maslow's theory of hierarchical needs. D. Because it managed to remove one of the most influential hypotheses of the classical management theory that all leaders must behave in an autocratic manner.

A. Because it proved that there was increased productivity if the workers felt the management was interested in their well-being.

What does a manager need to provide in order to satisfy his employees' physiological needs? A. Comfortable working conditions, reasonable work hours, and the necessary breaks to use the bathroom and eat and/or drink. B. A high enough salary, motivating and stimulating bonuses, and the possibility to advance higher in the company hierarchy based on performance. C. A suitable working team and a team leader that will be able to recognize the problems in the company environment and positively act to solve these problems. D. Access to a gym, a parking place that is close to work, and at least 4 weeks of vacation in a year.

A. Comfortable working conditions, reasonable work hours, and the necessary breaks to use the bathroom and eat and/or drink.

A manager is trying to motivate his employees because company productivity is declining. He decreases their benefits by 10%, and awards them tasks he knows they will find boring. Employees are told that their position is safe, and they can advance if they start working harder. He declares the only goal is increasing company revenue, and that common values are not important to the company. Which of these was a good move based on the behavioral management theory? A. Ensuring workers that their position is safe. B. Emphasizing the company has no common values so that nobody feels alienated. C. Decreasing worker benefits by 10% in order to motivate them. D. Giving work-groups tasks they are not interested in.

A. Ensuring workers that their position is safe. (Comment: I think they meant "assuring" not "ensuring")

Which of the following is necessary in order to satisfy Maslow's safety needs? A. Having job security and receiving a salary B. Having a lot of friends in your environment C. Having reasonable working hours D. Receiving praise from your superiors

A. Having job security and receiving a salary

According to the Human Relations Movement, which of these would increase employee productivity? A. Making employees feel valued by taking care of their social and human relations needs B. Letting workers come up with their own ways of doing their individual jobs C. Giving pay increases based on individual performance D. Finding the most efficient ways for employees to complete tasks E. Letting employees work individually rather than in teams

A. Making employees feel valued by taking care of their social and human relations needs

Joe thinks that his workers hate their job and only come to work to earn their paychecks. However, he is satisfied with their creativity and imagination when they work on projects. Is Joe a typical Theory X manager? A. No, because he believes in their creativity and imagination. B. Yes, because they are all self-centered. C. No, because he feels he has to monitor his workers when they work on projects. D. No, because he thinks his workers are only interested in their jobs because of the money. E. Yes, because he thinks his workers hate their job.

A. No, because he believes in their creativity and imagination.

Which of the following is a factor that can help increase employee motivation? A. Positive feedback and appraisals. B. Working towards the goals of the management. C. Having no involvement with decision-making. D. Individual processes.

A. Positive feedback and appraisals.

Which of Maslow's five needs can a manager fulfill by providing challenging work, inviting employees to participate in decision-making, and giving them flexibility and autonomy in their jobs? A. Self-actualization needs B. Leadership needs C. Social needs D. Physiological needs

A. Self-actualization needs

Each of the following answer choices represents the fulfillment of one of Maslow's needs. Identify the answer choice that represents achieving the HIGHEST need on Maslow's Hierarchy pyramid. A. Tom started working at 8:00. At 8:15, his team-leader told him that the work he had recently done was excellent and he said if Tom kept up with the good work he would surely be promoted very soon. B. Tom should have started working at 8:00, but the elevator broke down and Tom was very scared because the elevator was very old and has not been serviced in the past 5 years. C. Tom started working at 8:00. He was very sad that he didn't have a lot of friends and he didn't really get along well with his co-workers. Tom chose to go to the coffee break at 10:15 that he usually skips to try and improve relations with the other workers. D. Tom started working at 8:00. At 12:00 he felt very hungry and wanted to eat something, but his lunch-break was not due until 13:00.

A. Tom started working at 8:00. At 8:15, his team-leader told him that the work he had recently done was excellent and he said if Tom kept up with the good work he would surely be promoted very soon.

Why was the neoclassical theory of management developed? A. Because it allowed for standardization of production processes B. Because classical theories were deficient by not accounting for the human side of production C. Because classical theories were deficient since they treated managers like machinery D. Because classical theories failed to develop the most efficient ways to do individual jobs E. Because scientific theories were too general and needed to be more precise

B. Because classical theories were deficient by not accounting for the human side of production

How does the theory of classical leadership management differ from the behavioral management theory? A. Classical leadership management is still implemented today, while behavioral management theory is outdated. B. Classical leadership focused only on high production and efficiency, while behavioral management theory focuses on worker satisfaction. C. Classical leadership cared a lot more about the wages of the employees, while behavioral management theory views them all just as parts of the process. D. Classical leadership emphasized that a leader must have authority over his employees, while behavioral management theory supports a bottom-up approach.

B. Classical leadership focused only on high production and efficiency, while behavioral management theory focuses on worker satisfaction.

How did the Hawthorne Study of five women change perceptions about what motivates workers? A. They showed the importance of financial compensation to employee motivation. B. They showed that motivation improved when workers were shown attention by observers. C. They showed how important lighting levels were to employee performance. D. They showed that increasing employee benefits did not increase productivity. E. They showed that workers in the Midwestern U.S. are the most productive.

B. They showed that motivation improved when workers were shown attention by observers.

According to Neoclassical Management Theory, managers are encouraged to do which of these? A. Make working conditions more efficient and create supportive social systems B. Develop adequate pay systems to facilitate the personal development of their workers C. Create supportive social systems and facilitate the personal development of their workers D. Develop and provide adequate pay systems

C. Create supportive social systems and facilitate the personal development of their workers

You are working for a large international company. One of your project proposals raised the revenue of your department by 5%. Your boss said, You are an exemplary employee and your work ethic and efficiency is at such a level that the entire company should strive towards it. Which of Maslow's five needs would your boss's comment satisfy? A. Sociological needs B. Social needs C. Esteem needs D. Physiological needs

C. Esteem needs

Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic motive for working? A. Self-fulfillment B. Autonomy and empowerment C. Salary D. Social status

C. Salary

How did the Hawthorne Studies affect thinking about management theory? A. They were the foundation for the Modern School of management. B. They paved the way for the Institutional School of management. C. Social and human relations aspects became part of management theory. D. They caused a rejection of Classical Theories of management. E. They caused a rejection of Fredrick Taylor's ideas about scientific management.

C. Social and human relations aspects became part of management theory.

Rebecca runs a research department with specific goals for new product ideas. She lets employees work on their own new product ideas every Friday with little supervision. Rebecca is practicing _____ management. A. Administrative Theory B. McGregor Theory C. Theory Y D. Theory X E. Positive Growth Theory

C. Theory Y

STUDY CARD: Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. 1. Physiological needs are required for human survival such as air, food, water, shelter, clothing and sleep. 2. Safety needs provide a person with a sense of security and well-being. 3. Social needs refer to the need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance. 4. Esteem needs refer to the need for self-esteem and respect, with self-respect being slightly more important than gaining respect and admiration from others. 5. Self-actualization needs describe a person's need to reach his or her full potential.

CONTINUED ... The progression principle suggests that lower-level needs must be met before higher-level needs. The deficit principle claims that once a need is satisfied, it is no longer a motivator because an individual will take action only to satisfy unmet needs.

How would a manager implement the ideas of the behavioral movement into her workplace? A. By training employees in the most efficient way to do their jobs B. By providing a supportive environment that pays attention to employees social needs C. By providing a pleasant work environment D. By rewarding the best employees with more responsibility and promotions E. By disciplining employees when appropriate with no exceptions

D. By rewarding the best employees with more responsibility and promotions

How would a modern day manager best implement what was learned in the Hawthorne Studies? A. Use a dictatorial style with employees B. Provide additional benefits to employees including on site daycare C. Provide increased compensation for the workforce D. Show employees they are valued by being available and supportive E. Ensure that work areas have adequate lighting

D. Show employees they are valued by being available and supportive

Which term describes a psychological phenomenon in which participants in studies change their behavior or performance in response to being observed? A. The Hawthorne observation B. The Observation effect C. The Mayo effect D. The Hawthorne effect E. The Hawthorne consequence

D. The Hawthorne effect

Mike is a Theory X manager. Which of these does he assume about his employees ? A. They will work well in teams B. They accept work as part of their lives. C. They will not respond well to discipline and coercion D. They would rather be told what to do instead of directing themselves E. They are more interested in meeting organizational goals than money

D. They would rather be told what to do instead of directing themselves

Which of the following is credited with the development of the Theory X and Theory Y? A. Frederick W. Taylor B. Elton Mayo C. Abraham Maslow D. Robert Hawthorne E. Douglas McGregor

E. Douglas McGregor

Which two researchers are most commonly associated with the second Hawthorne Studies experiment? A. Mayo and Hawthorne B. Roethlisberger and Hawthorne C. Taylor and Mayo D. Roethlisberger and Taylor E. Mayo and Roethlisberger

E. Mayo and Roethlisberger

Which of these describes the focus of neoclassical management theory? A. the best way to structure reward systems B. the best way to promote a good work-life balance C. the most effective way to accomplish a task D. the most effective way to track employee productivity E. the best way to motivate, structure, and support employees

E. the best way to motivate, structure, and support employees

Mary allows her employees plenty of leeway in how they do their jobs and expects them to motivate themselves to be high achievers. She sets the standard by coming in early and working as hard as they do. The self fulfilling prophecies predict that her employees _____ A. will not be able to meet the goals she sets. B. will get lazy and require coercion to achieve the goals she sets. C. will need much closer supervision to be productive employees. D. will eventually burn out because of the rigorous work schedule she has set for them. E. will motivate themselves and achieve the goals she sets.

E. will motivate themselves and achieve the goals she sets.