Chapter 3 - Biology II
What is the formula for carbohydrates?
(CH20)N, where N = any number
Nucleotides have three parts:
1) phosphate group 2) nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G, U) 3) pentosesugar
form of energy stored in animals; made in liver when there's too much glucose in the blood (can be broken down later into glucose and used as energy; keeps blood glucose levels stable)
glycogen
an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
hydrocarbons
Breaking the bonds between the subunits of a polymer involves ___________ reactions.
hydrolysis
What are the seven functional groups? (HAMPSCC)
hydroxyl, amino, methyl, phosphate, sulfhydryl, carbonyl, carboxyl
Fats, steroids, and terpenes are examples of _______.
lipids
a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer
macromolecule
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
monomer
What is carbohydrates' monomer?
monosaccharide
All carbohydrates are composed of one or more _____________.
monosaccharides
RNA and DNA are examples of _________.
nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are composed of monomers called __________.
nucleotides
made from monomers linked by chemical bonds
polymer
A protein is composed of one or more long, unbranched chains called _____________ which are coiled and folded into a specific three dimensional shape.
polypeptides
a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together
polysaccharide
used as markers on cell - allow cell with cell communication, provide mechanism for immune response
short-chain carbohydrates
energy stored in plants
starch
structural storage in animals (shrimp shells, cockroach crunch)
chitin
link sugar of nucleotide to phosphate group of another nucleotide
covalent phosphodies
stores and supplies the cell with needed energy
ATP
Which six elements make up macromolecules?
CHNOS
_________ and _____ are easily degraded and can be used when necessary for energy.
Glycogen; starch
responsible for reading DNA and building proteins
RNA
A polypeptide is composed of monomers called __________.
amino acids
During a hydrolysis reaction, a molecule of water is ___________.
broken down
major fuel molecule; used as structural material and energy source
carbohydrate
Glucose, starch, and cellulose are all examples of _____________.
carbohydrates
Polymers are formed by linking monomers together through ___________ reactions.
dehydration
DNA forms a _________ _______.
double helix
Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and _______ _____.
fatty acids
During a dehydrationsynthesis, a molecule of water is ____________.
formed
DNA carries...?
genetic code