Chapter 3 - Biology II

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What is the formula for carbohydrates?

(CH20)N, where N = any number

Nucleotides have three parts:

1) phosphate group 2) nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G, U) 3) pentosesugar

form of energy stored in animals; made in liver when there's too much glucose in the blood (can be broken down later into glucose and used as energy; keeps blood glucose levels stable)

glycogen

an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen

hydrocarbons

Breaking the bonds between the subunits of a polymer involves ___________ reactions.

hydrolysis

What are the seven functional groups? (HAMPSCC)

hydroxyl, amino, methyl, phosphate, sulfhydryl, carbonyl, carboxyl

Fats, steroids, and terpenes are examples of _______.

lipids

a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer

macromolecule

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

monomer

What is carbohydrates' monomer?

monosaccharide

All carbohydrates are composed of one or more _____________.

monosaccharides

RNA and DNA are examples of _________.

nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are composed of monomers called __________.

nucleotides

made from monomers linked by chemical bonds

polymer

A protein is composed of one or more long, unbranched chains called _____________ which are coiled and folded into a specific three dimensional shape.

polypeptides

a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together

polysaccharide

used as markers on cell - allow cell with cell communication, provide mechanism for immune response

short-chain carbohydrates

energy stored in plants

starch

structural storage in animals (shrimp shells, cockroach crunch)

chitin

link sugar of nucleotide to phosphate group of another nucleotide

covalent phosphodies

stores and supplies the cell with needed energy

ATP

Which six elements make up macromolecules?

CHNOS

_________ and _____ are easily degraded and can be used when necessary for energy.

Glycogen; starch

responsible for reading DNA and building proteins

RNA

A polypeptide is composed of monomers called __________.

amino acids

During a hydrolysis reaction, a molecule of water is ___________.

broken down

major fuel molecule; used as structural material and energy source

carbohydrate

Glucose, starch, and cellulose are all examples of _____________.

carbohydrates

Polymers are formed by linking monomers together through ___________ reactions.

dehydration

DNA forms a _________ _______.

double helix

Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and _______ _____.

fatty acids

During a dehydrationsynthesis, a molecule of water is ____________.

formed

DNA carries...?

genetic code


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